Comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccines in health and social care workers in England: cohort study using OpenSAFELY. (20th July 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hulme, William J; Williamson, Elizabeth J; Green, Amelia C A; Bhaskaran, Krishnan; McDonald, Helen I; Rentsch, Christopher T; Schultze, Anna; Tazare, John; Curtis, Helen J; Walker, Alex J; Tomlinson, Laurie A; Palmer, Tom; Horne, Elsie M F; MacKenna, Brian; Morton, Caroline E; Mehrkar, Amir; Morley, Jessica; Fisher, Louis; Bacon, Sebastian C J; Evans, David; Inglesby, Peter; Hickman, George; Davy, Simon; Ward, Tom; Croker, Richard; Eggo, Rosalind M; Wong, Angel Y S; Mathur, Rohini; Wing, Kevin; Forbes, Harriet; Grint, Daniel J; Douglas, Ian J; Evans, Stephen J W; Smeeth, Liam; Bates, Chris; Cockburn, Jonathan; Parry, John; Hester, Frank; Harper, Sam; Sterne, Jonathan A C; Hernán, Miguel A; Goldacre, Ben;
• Is Part Of: BMJ. Volume 378(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-07-20
• Subjects: Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Medicine; Periodicals; 610
• DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068946
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0007-1447

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) and the ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) covid-19 vaccines against infection and covid-19 disease in health and social care workers. Design: Cohort study, emulating a comparative effectiveness trial, on behalf of NHS England. Setting: Linked primary care, hospital, and covid-19 surveillance records available within the OpenSAFELY-TPP research platform, covering a period when the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant was dominant. Participants: 317 341 health and social care workers vaccinated between 4 January and 28 February 2021, registered with a general practice using the TPP SystmOne clinical information system in England, and not clinically extremely vulnerable. Interventions: Vaccination with either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 administered as part of the national covid-19 vaccine roll-out. Main outcome measures: Recorded SARS-CoV-2 positive test, or covid-19 related attendance at an accident and emergency (A&E) department or hospital admission occurring within 20 weeks of receipt of the first vaccine dose. Results: Over the duration of 118 771 person-years of follow-up there were 6962 positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, 282 covid-19 related A&E attendances, and 166 covid-19 related hospital admissions. The cumulative incidence of each outcome was similar for both vaccines during the first 20 weeks after vaccination. The cumulative incidence of recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection 20 weeks after first-dose vaccination with BNT162b2 was 21.7 per 1000 people (95% confidence interval 20.9 to 22.4) and with ChAdOx1 was 23.7 (21.8 to 25.6), representing a difference of 2.04 per 1000 people (0.04 to 4.04). The difference in the cumulative incidence per 1000 people of covid-19 related A&E attendance at 20 weeks was 0.06 per 1000 people (95% CI −0.31 to 0.43). For covid-19 related hospital admission, this difference was 0.11 per 1000 people (−0.22 to 0.44). Conclusions: In this cohort of healthcare workers where we would not anticipate vaccine type to be related to health status, we found no substantial differences in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or covid-19 disease up to 20 weeks after vaccination. Incidence dropped sharply at 3-4 weeks after vaccination, and there were few covid-19 related hospital attendance and admission events after this period. This is in line with expected onset of vaccine induced immunity and suggests strong protection against Alpha variant covid-19 disease for both vaccines in this relatively young and healthy population of healthcare workers.