Snow and land use alter pheasant survival in South Dakota. Issue 6 (4th May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kauth, Hilary R.; Gregory, Andrew J.; Kauth, Adam J.; Harsh, Sprih; Runia, Travis J.; Lonsinger, Robert C.
• Is Part Of: Journal of wildlife management. Volume 86:Issue 6(2022)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2022-05-04
• Subjects: mortality risk -- Phasianus colchicus -- pheasant -- predation -- snow -- South Dakota -- survival -- telemetry -- winter; Wildlife management -- Periodicals; Zoology -- Periodicals; 333.954
• DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22243
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-541X

Abstract

Abstract: We examined survival of ring‐necked pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) occupying fragmented landscapes within the Prairie Pothole Region in South Dakota, USA, where severe winter weather events historically limited pheasant population growth through increased mortality. Recent landscape transformations could further affect overwinter adult female survival by reducing critical winter resources. Assessing the influence of time‐dependent landscape features on survival at small focal scales may reveal spatially important relationships. We captured and monitored 321 adult female pheasants from 2017–2019 and recorded 110 pheasant winter mortalities. Female pheasant winter survival was 0.66 (85% CI = 0.62–0.70) and was inversely correlated to snow depth. We generated Cox proportional hazard models to determine risk of mortality associated with landscape features. Pheasants using landscapes other than perennial cover (i.e., emergent wetland, tall vegetation, woody, food plots) experienced a 2.22 times greater risk of raptor predation than pheasants using perennial cover. Additionally, pheasants experienced a 58% reduced risk of weather mortality when using emergent wetlands. We analyzed resource selection ratios to understand how perceived landscape risks at the population level scaled down to land use selection at the individual level. Female pheasants selected for emergent wetlands, showed no selection for woody features, and avoided tall vegetation (non‐aquatic herbaceous vegetation >75 cm) during severe winters. Pheasants would greatly benefit from conservation of emergent wetlands and integrating perennial cover into harvested cropland. Abstract : We examined survival of ring‐necked pheasants in fragmented landscapes in South Dakota where severe winter weather historically limited population growth. Female pheasant winter survival was 0.66 (85% CI = 0.62–0.70) and was inversely correlated to snow depth. Pheasants experienced a 58% reduced risk of weather mortality when using emergent wetlands, and a 222% increased risk of raptor predation when using landscapes other than concealment (e.g., emergent wetland, tall vegetation, woody, and food plot) relative to pheasants using concealment landscape features.