Microbial engineering for the production and application of phytases to the treatment of the toxic pollutants: A review. (1st September 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhou, Yuwen; Anoopkumar, A.N.; Tarafdar, Ayon; Madhavan, Aravind; Binoop, Mohan; Lakshmi, Nair M.; B, Arun K.; Sindhu, Raveendran; Binod, Parameswaran; Sirohi, Ranjna; Pandey, Ashok; Zhang, Zengqiang; Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 308(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-09-01
• Subjects: Phytase -- Engineering -- Fermentation -- Microbes -- Digestive enzyme; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119703
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Phytases are a group of digestive enzymes which are commonly used as feed enzymes. These enzymes are used exogenously in the feeds of monogastric animals thereby it improves the digestibility of phosphorous and thus reduces the negative impact of inorganic P excretion on the environment. Even though these enzymes are widely distributed in many life forms, microorganisms are the most preferred and potential source of phytase. Despite the extensive availability of the phytase-producing microbial consortia, only a few microorganisms have been known to be exploited at industrial level. The high costs of the enzyme along with the incapability to survive high temperatures followed by the poor storage stability are noted to be the bottleneck in the commercialization of enzymes. For this reason, besides the conventional fermentation approaches, the applicability of cloning, expression studies and genetic engineering has been implemented for the past few years to accomplish the abovesaid benefits. The site-directed mutagenesis as well as knocking out have also validated their prominent role in microbe-based phytase production with enhanced levels. The present review provides detailed information on recent insights on the modification of phytases through heterologous expression and protein engineering to make thermostable and protease-resistant phytases.