Legal gender marker and name change is associated with lower negative emotional response to gender-based mistreatment and improve mental health outcomes among trans populations. (August 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Restar, Arjee; Jin, Harry; Breslow, Aaron; Reisner, Sari L.; Mimiaga, Matthew; Cahill, Sean; Hughto, Jaclyn M.W.
• Is Part Of: SSM - population health. Volume 11(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-08
• Subjects: Legal name -- Legal gender marker -- Transgender -- Mental health; Social medicine -- Periodicals; Medical anthropology -- Periodicals; Public health -- Periodicals; Psychology -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; 362.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100595
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-8273

Abstract

Abstract: Background: In recent years, Massachusetts (MA) and Rhode Island (RI) joined a growing list of states allowing residents to easily change the gender marker and name on government-identification (ID) documents. This was an important change for transgender and gender diverse (trans) residents, who face frequent mistreatment and thus for whom legal gender affirmation is critical. Little is known about associations between legal gender affirmation and psychological outcomes. Methods: We examined associations between legal gender affirmation (i.e., having changed gender marker/name on neither, one, or both a passport and state ID), upsetting responses to gender-based mistreatment, and mental health outcomes in a sample of trans MA and RI residents. Analyses controlled for gender identity, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, income, and insurance status. Findings: Legal gender affirmation was significantly associated with lower reports of depression, anxiety, somatization, global psychiatric distress, and upsetting responses to gender-based mistreatment. Conclusions: These data provide corroborate recent studies suggesting having pursued legal gender affirmation may be protective. Findings bolster calls to increase structural support for trans individuals, including enactment of state policies easing legal gender affirmation. Highlights: About half of the sample reported changing name/gender marker in at least one of two government IDs. Legal gender affirmation was associated with lower reports of upsetting responses to gender-based mistreatment. Legal gender affirmation was associated with lower reports of depression, anxiety, somatization, psychiatric distress.