Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Differential Diagnosis to Remember after Bone Marrow Transplantation. (11th December 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dantas Brito, Margarida; Campilho, Fernando; Branca, Rosa; Pinho Vaz, Carlos; Silva, Cristina; Sousa, Teresa; Mendes, Carlos; Campos, António
• Other Names: Gentile Massimo Academic Editor.
• Is Part Of: Case reports in hematology. Volume 2014(2014)
• Publication Date: 2014-12-11
• Subjects: Hematology -- Periodicals; Hematology -- Case studies -- Periodicals; Blood -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Hematology; Hematologic Diseases; Blood -- Diseases; Hematology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Case studies; Periodicals; Case Reports; Fulltext; Internet Resources; Periodicals; 616.15
• DOI: 10.1155/2014/587912
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2090-6560

Abstract

Abstract : Leishmania infection in immunocompromised hosts is reported in the literature, mostly concerning human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. It is not well characterized in the context of stem cell transplantation. We report a rare case clinical case of visceral leishmaniasis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A 50-year-old Caucasian male was referred to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with a high-risk acute lymphoblastic B leukemia in first complete remission. Allogeneic SCT was performed with peripheral blood stem cells from an unrelated Portuguese matched donor. In the following months, patient developed mild fluctuating cytopenias, mostly thrombocytopenia (between 60 and 80∗10 9 /L). The only significant complaint was intermittent tiredness. The common causes for thrombocytopenia in this setting were excluded—no evidence of graft versus host disease, no signs of viral or bacterial infection, and no signs of relapsed disease/dysplastic changes. The bone marrow smear performed 12 months after transplantation revealed an unsuspected diagnosis: a massive bone marrow infiltration with amastigotes.