Typologies of violence against women in Brazil: A latent class analysis of how violence and HIV intersect. Issue 11 (1st November 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tsuyuki, Kiyomi; Stockman, Jamila K.; Knauth, Daniela; J. Catabay, Christina; He, Feng; Al-Alusi, Noor A.; Pilecco, Flavia Bulegon; Jain, Sonia; Barbosa, Regina Maria
• Is Part Of: Global public health. Volume 15:Issue 11(2020)
• Page Start: 1639
• Page End: 1654
• Publication Date: 2020-11-01
• Subjects: HIV -- violence -- gender -- Brazil -- latent class analysis; Public health -- Periodicals; 362.105
• DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1767675
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1744-1692

Abstract

ABSTRACT: We address the limited understanding around the overlap between violence and HIV in Brazil. Data was from two clinic-based samples of HIV-positive ( n = 1534) and HIV-negative women ( n = 1589) in São Paulo and Porto Alegre. We conducted latent class analysis and identified violence typologies by type of violence, life course timing, frequency, and perpetrator, stratified by city and HIV-status. Overall, HIV-positive women experienced more lifetime physical and sexual violence than HIV-negative women. Twelve unique violence latent classes were identified. In São Paulo, HIV-positive women were likely to have endured physical violence several times (Conditional Probability [CP]: 0.80) by an intimate partner (CP: 0.85), and sexual violence several times (CP: 0.46) by an intimate partner (CP: 0.62). In Porto Alegre, HIV-positive women endured physical violence several times (CP: 0.80) by an intimate partner (CP: 0.70) during childhood/adolescence (CP: 0.48), and sexual violence several times (CP: 0.54) by an intimate partner (CP: 0.60). Findings inform interventions to educate around gender equity, violence, and the health effects of violence including HIV, integrate HIV and violence services, and improve the provision of bio-medical HIV prevention among HIV-negative women who experience violence.