A combined fluid-dynamic and thermodynamic model to predict the onset of rapid phase transitions in LNG spills. (March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lervåg, Karl Yngve; Skarsvåg, Hans Langva; Aursand, Eskil; Ouassou, Jabir Ali; Hammer, Morten; Reigstad, Gunhild; Ervik, Åsmund; Fyhn, Eirik Holm; Gjennestad, Magnus Aa.; Aursand, Peder; Wilhelmsen, Øivind
• Is Part Of: Journal of loss prevention in the process industries. Volume 69(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-03
• Subjects: Thermodynamics -- Equation of state -- Spinodal -- Nucleation -- Phase stability -- Rapid phase transition -- Liquid spills -- Risk assessment -- Explosions; Chemical industries -- Safety measures -- Periodicals; 660.2804
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104354
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0950-4230

Abstract

Abstract: Transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by ship occurs globally on a massive scale. The large temperature difference between LNG and water means LNG will boil violently if spilled onto water. This may cause a physical explosion known as rapid phase transition (RPT). Since RPT results from a complex interplay between physical phenomena on several scales, the risk of its occurrence is difficult to estimate. In this work, we present a combined fluid-dynamic and thermodynamic model to predict the onset of delayed RPT. On the basis of the full coupled model, we derive analytical solutions for the location and time of delayed RPT in an axisymmetric steady-state spill of LNG onto water. These equations are shown to be accurate when compared to simulation results for a range of relevant parameters. The relative discrepancy between the analytic solutions and predictions from the full coupled model is within 2 % for the RPT position and within 8 % for the time of RPT. This provides a simple procedure to quantify the risk of occurrence for delayed RPT for LNG on water. Due to its modular formulation, the full coupled model can straightforwardly be extended to study RPT in other systems. Highlights: Combined fluid-dynamic and thermodynamic model to predict delayed RPT. Analytic estimates for position and time of delayed RPT. The analytical predictions compare well with the full model. The approaches are readily extended to other cryogenic fluids.