Emerging trends in immunotoxin targeting cancer stem cells. (September 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sibuh, Belay Zeleke; Gahtori, Rekha; Al-Dayan, Noura; Pant, Kumud; Far, Bahareh Farasati; Malik, Asrar Ahmad; Gupta, Ashish Kumar; Sadhu, Soumi; Dohare, Sushil; Gupta, Piyush Kumar
• Is Part Of: Toxicology in vitro. Volume 83(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-09
• Subjects: Cancer stem cell -- Immunotoxin -- Drug-resistance -- Targeted therapy -- Cancer therapy; ADC Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) -- AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia -- ATP Adenosine triphosphate -- BAT Bispecific Angiotoxin -- BCMA B-cell maturation antigen -- BPDCN Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm -- CAR Chimeric Antigen Receptor -- CAR-T Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell -- CLL Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia -- CLS Capillary Leak Syndrome -- CML Chronic Myeloid Leukemia -- CSCs Cancer Stem Cells -- CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 -- DEM Demcizumab -- DLBCL Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma -- DLL3 Delta-like 3 Protein -- DLL4 Delta-Like Ligand-4 -- DLT Dose-limiting toxicities -- EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor -- EMT Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition -- EpCAM Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule -- FGF Fibroblast growth factor -- FDA Food and Drug Administration -- GPC3 Glypican 3 -- HCC hepatocellular carcinoma -- HCL Hairy Cell Leukemia -- hESCs human embryonic stem cells -- HER2 Human epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 -- HH Hedgehog -- HMAs Hypo-Methylating Agents -- IL-3/4/6/17 Interleukin-3 /4/6/17 -- IL-VX Venetoclax-Loaded Immunoliposome -- ITs Immunotoxins -- LSCs Leukemia Stem Cells -- MM Multiple myeloma -- MMSC Multiple myeloma cancer stem cell -- MP Moxetumomab Pasudotox -- MSLN Mesothelin -- MTD Maximum-Tolerated Dose -- MTD Maximum tolerated dose -- NF- κB Nuclear Factor- κB -- NHL Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -- nM Nanomolar -- NSCLC Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer -- PD-1/L1 Programmed Death-1/Ligand 1 -- PE Pseudomonas Exotoxin -- pM Picomolar -- TKIs Tyrosine kinase inhibitors -- TNF Tumor necrosis factor -- uPAR Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor -- VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factors -- VEGFR Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor; Toxicity testing -- In vitro -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105417
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0887-2333

Abstract

Abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells that play a vital role in the development of cancer drug resistance conditions. Various therapies like conventional, targeted, and radiotherapies have been broadly used in targeting and killing these CSCs. Among these, targeted therapy selectively targets CSCs and leads to overcoming disease recurrence conditions in cancer patients. Immunotoxins (ITs) are protein-based therapeutics with selective targeting capabilities. These chimeric molecules are composed of two functional moieties, i.e., a targeting moiety for cell surface binding and a toxin moiety that induces the programmed cell death upon internalization. Several ITs have been constructed recently, and their preclinical and clinical efficacies have been evaluated. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the recent preclinical and clinical advances as well as significant challenges in ITs targeting CSCs, which might reduce the burden of drug resistance conditions in cancer patients from bench to bedside. Graphical abstract: Unlabelled Image Highlights: Immunotoxins (ITs) have been broadly used in targeted therapy of cancer. These chimeric protein molecules also manage cancer drug resistance condition. It induces the programmed cell death in cancer stem cells residing in tumors. ITs have been utilized at both preclinical and clinical levels to overcome relapsed condition in cancer patients.