Hysteresis‐Free Planar Perovskite Solar Module with 19.1% Efficiency by Interfacial Defects Passivation. Issue 7 (10th April 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Vesce, Luigi; Stefanelli, Maurizio; Castriotta, Luigi A.; Hadipour, Afshin; Lammar, Stijn; Yang, Bowen; Suo, Jiajia; Aernouts, Tom; Hagfeldt, Anders; Di Carlo, Aldo
• Is Part Of: Solar RRL. Volume 6:Issue 7(2022)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2022-04-10
• Subjects: high efficiency -- module upscaling -- passivation -- perovskite photovoltaics; Solar energy -- Periodicals; Photovoltaic power generation -- Periodicals; Solar energy -- Research -- Periodicals; Photovoltaic power generation -- Research -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 333.7923
• DOI: 10.1002/solr.202101095
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2367-198X

Abstract

Abstract : In few years, perovskite solar devices have reached high efficiency on lab scale cells. Upscaling to module size, effective perovskite recipe and posttreatment are of paramount importance to the breakthrough of the technology. Herein this work, the development of a low‐temperature planar n–i–p perovskite module (11 cm 2 aperture area, 91% geometrical fill factor) is reported on, exploiting the defect passivation strategy to achieve an efficiency of 19.1% (2% losses stabilized) with near‐zero hysteresis, that is the most unsolved issue in the perovskite photovoltaic technology. The I/Br (iodine/bromide) halide ion ratio of the triple‐cation perovskite formulation and deposition procedure are optimized to move from small area to module device and to avoid the detrimental effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. The organic halide salt phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) is adopted as surface passivation material on module size to suppress perovskite defects. Finally, homogeneous and defect‐free layers from cell to module with only 8% relative efficiency losses, high reproducibility, and optimized interconnections are scaled by laser ablation methods. The homogeneity of the perovskite layers and of the full stack was assessed by optical, morphological, and light beam–induced current (LBIC) mapping characterizations. Abstract : Herein, an efficiency of 19.1% with near‐zero hysteresis for a low‐temperature planar n–i–p perovskite module (11 cm 2 aperture area, 91% aspect ratio) by avoiding dimethyl sulfoxide detrimental effect, by phenethylammonium iodide defect passivation and by optimized interconnections engineering is demonstrated. The scaling‐up loss from cell to module is about 8%, showing homogeneous and defect‐free layers, and high reproducibility.