Comprehensive analysis of compatible natural fibre as sacrificial porogen template for tailored ceramic 3D bioproducts destined for hard tissue reconstruction. Issue 4 (15th February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mocanu, Aura-Cătălina; Miculescu, Florin; Miculescu, Marian; Ciocoiu, Robert Cătălin; Pandele, Andreea Mădălina; Stan, George E.; Cîmpean, Anișoara; Voicu, Ștefan Ioan; Ciocan, Lucian-Toma
• Is Part Of: Ceramics international. Volume 47:Issue 4(2021)
• Page Start: 5318
• Page End: 5334
• Publication Date: 2021-02-15
• Subjects: Fibres -- Thermal properties -- Ceramic bioproducts -- Biomedical applications; Ceramics -- Periodicals; Céramique industrielle -- Périodiques; Ceramics; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 666
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.113
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0272-8842

Abstract

Abstract: For successful bone remodelling, the implantable 3D structures require suitable internal architectures which can be achieved by the use of fibres as natural templates. The ability of fibres to generate complex configurations for 3D bioceramic products was preliminary reported by sacrificial fibrous-porogen method. This study aims to demonstrate the safe-prospect of repurposing natural-fibres (i.e. luffa, hemp, wool) for embedment into a calcium phosphate (CaPs) matrix prepared through a completely reproducible route, and the beneficial influence of fibres upon structural, topographic and mechanical features of CaPs-products, since a complete assessment of the fibres-combustion-products resulted after thermal treatment was not yet disclosed. The complex investigation program based on i) thermo-gravimetric (TGA-DTG), ii) structural (XRD, FTIR-ATR), iii) morpho-compositional (SEM/EDS) and, most importantly, iv) biological cytotoxicity assays of fibres-derived chars, clearly indicated that luffa-fibres are the safest (>95% cell-survival) to be considered for bioceramic porous-orthopaedic-implants. Further, as exposed by nano-CT, the high temperature pyrolysis of luffa-fibres led to 3D interconnected channels inside the products, which allows a suitable vascularization and osteointegration. The topographic reconstruction of channels-inside-surface revealed a secondary 3D network of micro-pores. Along with the mechanical features, the novel bioceramic porous structures stand as reliable bone-repair alternatives. Highlights: Extensive investigations on pristine and air/N2 thermal-treated natural fibres. Biocompatible character of fibres-derived combustion products. Bone-like internal channels obtained by sacrificial luffa-template method. Topographic reconstruction of inside channels' impregnated microporous texture. Tuneable mechanical takeover through induced gradient porosity on 3D products.