Environmental and physiological determinants of carbon isotope discrimination in terrestrial plants. Issue 4 (31st July 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cernusak, Lucas A.; Ubierna, Nerea; Winter, Klaus; Holtum, Joseph A. M.; Marshall, John D.; Farquhar, Graham D.
• Is Part Of: New phytologist. Volume 200:Issue 4(2013)
• Page Start: 950
• Page End: 965
• Publication Date: 2013-07-31
• Subjects: bundle‐sheath leakiness -- carbon isotope discrimination -- crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) -- intercellular carbon dioxide concentration -- mesophyll conductance -- photosynthetic pathway -- water‐use efficiency; Botany -- Periodicals; 580
• DOI: 10.1111/nph.12423
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0028-646X

Abstract

Summary: Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ 13 C) of terrestrial plants are employed across a diverse range of applications in environmental and plant sciences; however, the kind of information that is desired from the δ 13 C signal often differs. At the extremes, it ranges between purely environmental and purely biological. Here, we review environmental drivers of variation in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in terrestrial plants, and the biological processes that can either damp or amplify the response. For C3 plants, where Δ is primarily controlled by the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations ( c i / c a ), coordination between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis and leaf area adjustment tends to constrain the potential environmentally driven range of Δ. For C4 plants, variation in bundle‐sheath leakiness to CO2 can either damp or amplify the effects of c i / c a on Δ. For plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), Δ varies over a relatively large range as a function of the proportion of daytime to night‐time CO2 fixation. This range can be substantially broadened by environmental effects on Δ when carbon uptake takes place primarily during the day. The effective use of Δ across its full range of applications will require a holistic view of the interplay between environmental control and physiological modulation of the environmental signal. Contents Summary 950 I. Introduction 950 II. Carbon isotope discrimination 951 III. The C3 photosynthetic pathway 951 IV. The C4 photosynthetic pathway 957 V. Crassulacean acid metabolism 959 VI. Conclusion 961 Acknowledgements 961 Reference 961