Genetic and epigenetic nutritional interactions influencing obesity risk and adiposity outcomes. Issue 4 (July 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ramos-Lopez, Omar; Riezu-Boj, Jose Ignacio; Milagro, Fermin I.
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. Volume 25:Issue 4(2022)
• Page Start: 235
• Page End: 240
• Publication Date: 2022-07
• Subjects: DNA methylation -- microRNA -- precision nutrition -- telomere length -- weight loss; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutrition disorders -- Periodicals; Clinical medicine -- Periodicals; Clinical Medicine -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutrition Disorders -- Periodicals; Nutritional Support -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000836
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1363-1950

Abstract

Abstract : Purpose of review: This article aims to critically overview the current interplay of genetic/epigenetic factors and several nutritional aspects influencing obesity susceptibility and adiposity outcomes for obesity management and weight status monitoring. Recent findings: Single nucleotide polymorphisms located in or near genes participating in energy homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism, appetite control, brain regulation, and thermogenesis have been associated with body composition measures (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and visceral adipose tissue) depending on nutrient intakes, dietary patterns, and eating behaviors. Moreover, studies analyzing interactions between the epigenome and dietary intakes in relation to adiposity outcomes are reported. The main epigenetic mechanisms include methylation levels of promoter sequences, telomere length, and micro-ribonucleic acid expression profiles, whereas covalent histone modifications remain less studied. Summary: Exploring potential interactions between the genetic/epigenetic background and nutritional features is improving the current understanding of the obesity physiopathogenesis and the usefulness of translating this precision information in the clinical setting for weight gain prediction, the design of personalized nutrition therapies as well as individual responsiveness estimation to dietary advice. The analysis of further relationships between the genotype, the epigenotype and other precision markers including the gut microbiota and the metabolome is warranted.