Relationship between jumping to conclusions and clinical outcomes in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Issue 8 (6th June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Catalan, Ana; Tognin, Stefania; Kempton, Matthew J.; Stahl, Daniel; Salazar de Pablo, Gonzalo; Nelson, Barnaby; Pantelis, Christos; Riecher-Rössler, Anita; Bressan, Rodrigo; Barrantes-Vidal, Neus; Krebs, Marie-Odile; Nordentoft, Merete; Ruhrmann, Stephan; Sachs, Gabriele; Rutten, Bart P. F.; van Os, Jim; de Haan, Lieuwe; van der Gaag, Mark; Valmaggia, Lucia R.; McGuire, Philip
• Is Part Of: Psychological medicine. Volume 52:Issue 8(2022)
• Page Start: 1569
• Page End: 1577
• Publication Date: 2022-06-06
• Subjects: Functioning -- psychosis -- transition to psychosis -- ultra high-risk; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Medicine and psychology -- Periodicals; Clinical psychology -- Periodicals; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720003396
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0033-2917

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Psychosis is associated with a reasoning bias, which manifests as a tendency to 'jump to conclusions'. We examined this bias in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) and investigated its relationship with their clinical outcomes. Methods: In total, 303 CHR subjects and 57 healthy controls (HC) were included. Both groups were assessed at baseline, and after 1 and 2 years. A 'beads' task was used to assess reasoning bias. Symptoms and level of functioning were assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States scale (CAARMS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), respectively. During follow up, 58 (16.1%) of the CHR group developed psychosis (CHR-T), and 245 did not (CHR-NT). Logistic regressions, multilevel mixed models, and Cox regression were used to analyse the relationship between reasoning bias and transition to psychosis and level of functioning, at each time point. Results: There was no association between reasoning bias at baseline and the subsequent onset of psychosis. However, when assessed after the transition to psychosis, CHR-T participants showed a greater tendency to jump to conclusions than CHR-NT and HC participants (55, 17, 17%; χ2 = 8.13, p = 0.012). There was a significant association between jumping to conclusions (JTC) at baseline and a reduced level of functioning at 2-year follow-up in the CHR group after adjusting for transition, gender, ethnicity, age, and IQ. Conclusions: In CHR participants, JTC at baseline was associated with adverse functioning at the follow-up. Interventions designed to improve JTC could be beneficial in the CHR population.