Poliomyelitis seroprevalence in high risk populations of India before the trivalent-bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine switch in 2016. (January 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ahmad, Mohammad; Verma, Harish; Kunwar, Abhishek; Soni, Sudhir; Sinha, Ujjawal; Gawande, Manish; Sethi, Raman; Nalavade, Uma; Sharma, Deepa; Bhatnagar, Pankaj; Bahl, Sunil; Deshpande, Jagadish
• Is Part Of: International journal of infectious diseases. Volume 102(2021)
• Page Start: 337
• Page End: 343
• Publication Date: 2021-01
• Subjects: Polio -- Seroprevalence -- India -- 2016 -- tOPV -- bOPV -- Switch; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable diseases; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.078
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1201-9712

Abstract

Highlights: The last polio seroprevalence study in India before the tOPV-bOPV vaccine switch Fraction IPV doses in routine immunization help to close immunity gaps India had best immunity against polioviruses just before the tOPV-bOPV switch Type 2 seroprevalence has been highest ever, just prior to the tOPV-bOPV switch No cVDPV2 post tOPV- bOPV switch could be due to high population immunity Abstract: Introduction: This study assessed the seroprevalence against all three polioviruses among the last cohort of infants aged 6-11 months who received tOPV before the tOPV-bOPV switch and had an opportunity to receive a full dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine introduced in the routine immunization schedule. Methods: Serum was tested for neutralizing antibodies against polioviruses among infants residing in three different risk- category states for poliovirus transmission in India viz., Bihar historically high-risk state for polio, Madhya Pradesh a State with low routine immunization coverage and Chhattisgarh with lower acute flaccid paralysis surveillance indicators. Results: A total of 1113 serum samples were tested across the three states. The overall seroprevalence was 98.5% (97.7-99.2), 98.9% (98.3-99.5) and 94.4% (93.0-95.8) for poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The median antibody titers for corresponding serotypes were 575, 362 and 181. Infants who received five doses of tOPV showed respective seroprevalence rates of 98.7%, 98.7% and 93.7% against types 1, 2 and 3 polioviruses. There was no significant difference in seroprevalence across the group of IPV recipients. The median reciprocal titers across the groups of IPV recipient was significantly higher (p = 0.006) for poliovirus-3. Conclusion: The seroprevalence rates observed in the study are historically the highest in the series of serosurveys that India has conducted to assess the population immunity against polioviruses. Poliovirus 2 seroprevalence was very high at the time of the tOPV-bOPV switch in India effected in April 2016.