Calculating and estimating second cancer risk from breast radiotherapy using Monte Carlo code with internal body scatter for each out‐of‐field organ. Issue 12 (30th October 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Takata, Takeshi; Shiraishi, Kenshiro; Kumagai, Shinobu; Arai, Norikazu; Kobayashi, Takenori; Oba, Hiroshi; Okamoto, Takahide; Kotoku, Jun'ichi
• Is Part Of: Journal of applied clinical medical physics. Volume 21:Issue 12(2020)
• Page Start: 62
• Page End: 73
• Publication Date: 2020-10-30
• Subjects: breast cancer -- low‐dose bath -- Monte Carlo simulation -- radiotherapy -- second cancer risk; Medical physics -- Periodicals; Clinical medicine -- Periodicals; Health Physics; Clinical Medicine; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; Fulltext; Internet Resources; 610.153
• DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13060
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1526-9914

Abstract

Abstract: Out‐of‐field organs are not commonly designated as dose calculation targets during radiation therapy treatment planning, but they might entail risks of second cancer. Risk components include specific internal body scatter, which is a dominant source of out‐of‐field doses, and head leakage, which can be reduced by external shielding. Our simulation study quantifies out‐of‐field organ doses and estimates second cancer risks attributable to internal body scatter in whole‐breast radiotherapy (WBRT) with or without additional regional nodal radiotherapy (RNRT), respectively, for right and left breast cancer using Monte Carlo code PHITS. Simulations were conducted using a complete whole‐body female model. Second cancer risk was estimated using the calculated doses with a concept of excess absolute risk. Simulation results revealed marked differences between WBRT alone and WBRT plus RNRT in out‐of‐field organ doses. The ratios of mean doses between them were as large as 3.5–8.0 for the head and neck region and about 1.5–6.6 for the lower abdominal region. Potentially, most out‐of‐field organs had excess absolute risks of less than 1 per 10, 000 persons‐year. Our study surveyed the respective contributions of internal body scatter to out‐of‐field organ doses and second cancer risks in breast radiotherapy on this intact female model.