Circular RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Beilerli, Aferin; Gareev, Ilgiz; Beylerli, Ozal; Yang, Guang; Pavlov, Valentin; Aliev, Gjumrakch; Ahmad, Aamir
• Is Part Of: Seminars in cancer biology. Volume 83(2022)
• Page Start: 242
• Page End: 252
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: ABC ATP-binding cassette -- AKT RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase -- ALDH Aldehyde dehydrogenase -- AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase -- Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 -- CDK2 Cell division protein kinase 6 -- CDK6 Cell division protein kinase 6 -- CDKN1A Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A -- Ci-ANKRD52 Ci-Ankyrin Repeat Domain 52 -- CicrRNA Circular RNA -- CiRNA Intron RNAs -- CSCs Cancer stem cells -- CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 -- CXCL12 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 -- DPP4 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 -- EcircRNAs Exon circRNAs -- EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor -- EIciRNA Exon-intron circRNAs -- EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition) -- ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase -- HUVECs Human umbilical vein endothelial cells -- ILK Integrin linked kinase -- IMP3 IGF2BP3 is an insulin-like protein 2 that binds growth factor 3) -- IRES Containing internal ribosome entry site -- JAK1 Janus kinase 1 -- LATS1 Large tumor suppressor kinase 1 -- MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase -- MBL Mannose-binding lectin -- miRNA microRNA -- MMP‐9 Matrix metallopeptidase 9 -- mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin -- NF-kB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells -- NKG2D Activating receptor natural-killer group 2 member D -- PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase -- Pol II RNA polymerase II -- PTEN Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 -- qRT-PCR Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR -- SiRNA Small interfering RNA -- SnRNPs Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins -- STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 -- TGF-b Transforming growth factor beta -- VEGF Factor vascular endothelial growth factor -- VEGF-A Vascular endothelial growth factor A -- VEGFR2 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; Circular RNA -- Cancer biomarkers -- Cancer therapeutic targets -- Non-coding RNAs; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Review Literature; Cancer -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.026
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1044-579X

Abstract

Highlights: Previously thought to be "mistakes" in RNA splicing, the importance of circrNAs is beginning to be appreciated. circRNAs are potential cancer biomarkers. circRNAs are stable and effective miRNA inhibitors. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies involving circRNAs may be the future of cancer therapy. Abstract: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded closed non-coding RNA molecules (ncRNAs), which are formed as a result of reverse splicing of mRNAs. Despite their relative abundance, an interest in understanding their regulatory importance is rather recent. High stability, abundance and evolutionary conservation among species underline some of their important traits. CircRNAs perform a variety of cellular functions ranging from miRNA and proteins sponges to transcriptional modulation and splicing. Additionally, most circRNAs are expressed aberrantly in pathological conditions suggesting their possible exploitation as diagnostic biomarkers. Their covalent closed cyclic structure resulting in resistance to RNases further makes them suitable as cancer biomarkers. Studies involving human tumors have verified differences in the expression profiles of circRNAs, indicating a regulatory role in cancer pathogenesis and metastasis. As endogenous competitive RNA, circRNAs can regulate tumor proliferation and invasion. Further, some circRNAs located in the nucleus can regulate transcription of genes by binding to RNA polymerase II. In this review, we elaborate the characteristics, functions and mechanisms of action of circRNAs in cancer. We also discuss the possibility of using circRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for cancer.