Association Between Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Pediatric and Young Adulthood Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Risk of Second Primary Malignancies. Issue 13 (1st May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pasqual, Elisa; Schonfeld, Sara; Morton, Lindsay M.; Villoing, Daphnée; Lee, Choonsik; Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy; Kitahara, Cari M.
• Is Part Of: Journal of clinical oncology. Volume 40:Issue 13(2022)
• Page Start: 1439
• Page End: 1449
• Publication Date: 2022-05-01
• Subjects: Oncology -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Periodicals; Oncology; Medical Oncology; Cancérologie -- Périodiques; Cancer -- Périodiques; Cancérologie; Cancer; Oncology; Oncologia; Càncer; Periodicals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1200/JCO.21.01841
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0732-183X

Abstract

Abstract : PURPOSE: Since the 1980s, both the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and use of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment increased markedly. RAI has been associated with an increased risk of leukemia, but risks of second solid malignancies remain unclear. We aimed to quantify risks of second malignancies associated with RAI treatment for DTC in children and young adults, who are more susceptible than older adults to the late effects of radiation. METHODS: Using nine US SEER cancer registries (1975-2017), we estimated relative risks (RRs) for solid and hematologic malignancies associated with RAI (yes v no or unknown) using Poisson regression among ≥ 5- and ≥ 2-year survivors of nonmetastatic DTC diagnosed before age 45 years, respectively. RESULTS: Among 27, 050 ≥ 5-year survivors (median follow-up = 15 years), RAI treatment (45%) was associated with increased risk of solid malignancies (RR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.37). Risks were increased for uterine cancer (RR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.32) and nonsignificantly for cancers of the salivary gland (RR = 2.15; 95% CI, 0.91 to 5.08), stomach (RR = 1.61; 95% CI, 0.70 to 3.69), lung (RR = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.97 to 2.08), and female breast (RR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.40). Risks of total solid and female breast cancer, the most common cancer type, were highest among ≥ 20-year DTC survivors (RRsolid = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.74; RRbreast = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.95). Among 32, 171 ≥ 2-year survivors, RAI was associated with increased risk of hematologic malignancies (RR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.01), including leukemia (RR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.56). We estimated that 6% of solid and 14% of hematologic malignancies in pediatric and young adult DTC survivors may be attributable to RAI. CONCLUSION: In addition to leukemia, RAI treatment for childhood and young-adulthood DTC was associated with increased risks of several solid cancers, particularly more than 20 years after exposure, supporting the need for long-term surveillance of these patients. Abstract : Tweet 1: Are children and young adults treated with radioactive iodine for thyroid cancer at increased risk of second cancers? New study in @JCO_ASCO by @NCIEpiTraining @elisa_pasqual @cari_kitahara. Tweet 2: New study published in @JCO_ASCO addresses longstanding questions about the risks of 2nd cancers in children and young adults treated for thyroid cancer with radioactive iodine. @NCIEpiTraining @elisa_pasqual @cari_kitahara