A Mediterranean diet and risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke: A population-based cohort study. Issue 1 (November 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tektonidis, Thanasis G.; Åkesson, Agneta; Gigante, Bruna; Wolk, Alicja; Larsson, Susanna C.
• Is Part Of: Atherosclerosis. Volume 243:Issue 1(2015)
• Page Start: 93
• Page End: 98
• Publication Date: 2015-11
• Subjects: Mediterranean diet -- Cardiovascular disease -- Myocardial infarction -- Heart failure -- Stroke -- Primary prevention -- Prospective studies; Arteriosclerosis -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.136
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.039
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0021-9150

Abstract

Abstract: Background and aims: The Mediterranean diet, which is palatable and easily achievable, has been associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. Data on heart failure (HF) and stroke types are lacking. The aim was to examine a Mediterranean diet in relation to incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), HF and stroke types in a Swedish prospective cohort. Methods: In a population-based cohort of 32, 921 women, diet was assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. The modified Mediterranean diet (mMED) score was created based on high consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, fermented dairy products, fish and monounsaturated fat, moderate intakes of alcohol and low consumption of red meat, on a 0–8 scale. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: During 10 y of follow-up (1998–2008), 1109 MIs, 1648 HFs, 1270 ischemic strokes and 262 total hemorrhagic strokes were ascertained. A high adherence to the mMED score (6–8), compared to low, was associated with a lower risk of MI (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.90, p = 0.003), HF (RR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68–0.93, p = 0.004) and ischemic stroke (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.93, p = 0.007), but not hemorrhagic stroke (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.61–1.29, p = 0.53). Conclusions: Better adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of MI, HF and ischemic stroke. The Mediterranean diet is most likely to be beneficial in primary prevention of all major types of atherosclerosis-related CVD. Highlights: Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of MI, HF and ischemic stroke. There was no association between Mediterranean diet and hemorrhagic stroke. The Mediterranean diet is likely to be beneficial in primary prevention of atherosclerosis related cardiovascular disease.