Purinergic receptors modulators: An emerging pharmacological tool for disease management. Issue 4 (13th May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mahmood, Abid; Iqbal, Jamshed
• Is Part Of: Medicinal research reviews. Volume 42:Issue 4(2022)
• Page Start: 1661
• Page End: 1703
• Publication Date: 2022-05-13
• Subjects: adenosine -- G‐coupled protein receptors -- ligand‐gated ion channels -- purinergic signaling; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Drugs -- Research -- Periodicals; 615
• DOI: 10.1002/med.21888
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0198-6325

Abstract

Abstract: Purinergic signaling is mediated through extracellular nucleotides (adenosine 5′‐triphosphate, uridine‐5'‐triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, uridine‐5'‐diphosphate, and adenosine) that serve as signaling molecules. In the early 1990s, purines and pyrimidine receptors were cloned and characterized drawing the attention of scientists toward this aspect of cellular signaling. This signaling pathway is comprised of four subtypes of adenosine receptors (P1), eight subtypes of G‐coupled protein receptors (P2YRs), and seven subtypes of ligand‐gated ionotropic receptors (P2XRs). In current studies, the pathophysiology and therapeutic potentials of these receptors have been focused on. Various ligands, modulating the functions of purinergic receptors, are in current clinical practices for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, several purinergic receptors ligands are in advanced phases of clinical trials as a remedy for depression, epilepsy, autism, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancers. In the present study, agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors have been summarized that may serve as pharmacological tools for drug design and development. Highlights: Brief and comprehensive literature overlook for purinergic signaling. Structural description and classification of purinergic receptors. Physiological and pathophysiological significance of purinergic receptors. structure–activity relationship for ligands modifying the functions of purinergic receptors. Latest development for commercialized drug products that targeted the mentioned signaling pathways and those under clinical trials. Current In silico studies for purinergic receptors.