Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen. (25th February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brooks, George A.; Arevalo, Jose A.; Osmond, Adam D.; Leija, Robert G.; Curl, Casey C.; Tovar, Ashley P.
• Is Part Of: Journal of physiology. Volume 600:Number 5(2022)
• Page Start: 1229
• Page End: 1251
• Publication Date: 2021-02-25
• Subjects: exercise -- fibre type -- gene adaptation -- gluconeogenesis -- glycogenolysis -- indirect pathway -- lactate shuttle -- lactate signalling -- microbiome -- muscle -- postabsorptive metabolism -- postprandial metabolism -- satiety; Physiology -- Periodicals; 612.005
• DOI: 10.1113/JP280955
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-3751

Abstract

Abstract: After a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important component of intermediary metabolism in vivo . Cell‐cell and intracellular lactate shuttles fulfil purposes of energy substrate production and distribution, as well as cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. Moreover, the presence of lactate shuttling as part of postprandial glucose disposal and satiety signalling has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates the physiological sink for lactate disposal in vivo . Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in adaptive processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and other healthful circulatory and neurological characteristics such as improved physical work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, and memory. The importance of lactate and lactate shuttling in healthful living is further emphasized when lactate signalling and shuttling are dysregulated as occurs in particular illnesses and injuries. Like a phoenix, lactate has risen to major importance in 21st century biology. Abstract : Abstract figure legend : Roles of lactate in physiology and metabolism elaborated as: cell fuelling (the preferential use of lactate over other fuel energy substrates such as glucose, fatty and keto acids in cardiac and red skeletal muscle and brain for cognition); cell signalling (the mechanisms by which lactate affects metabolism via effects on cell redox, ROS production, lactylation and covalent binding); microbiome (the role of fermentation in health and disease and the possibility of a gut‐soma lactate shuttle); satiety (the role of lactate on the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and gut‐hypothalamic signalling); adaptation (the role of lactate in expression of glycolytic and metabolic enzymes and insulin sensitivity, the latter by TGF‐β); reproduction (roles of lactate in sperm mitochondrial energetics, developing a favourable microenvironment for blastocysts and secretion of VEGF for uterine angiogenesis), and resuscitation (treatments of dehydration, acidosis, dengue, pancreatitis and hepatitis, myocardial infarction and wound healing).