Step‐by‐step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin‐associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Issue 3 (10th March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Penson, Peter E.; Bruckert, Eric; Marais, David; Reiner, Željko; Pirro, Matteo; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Bajraktari, Gani; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Rizzo, Manfredi; Mikhailidis, Dimitri P.; Sachinidis, Alexandros; Gaita, Dan; Latkovskis, Gustavs; Mazidi, Mohsen; Toth, Peter P.; Pella, Daniel; Alnouri, Fahad; Postadzhiyan, Arman; Yeh, Hung‐I; Mancini, G.B. John; von Haehling, Stephan; Banach, Maciej
• Other Names: Acosta Julio investigator.; Al‐Khnifsawi Mutaz investigator.; Alnouri Fahad investigator.; Amar Fahma investigator.; Atanasov Atanas G. investigator.; Bajraktari Gani investigator.; Banach Maciej investigator.; Bhaskar Sonu investigator.; Bytyçi Ibadete investigator.; Bjelakovic Bojko investigator.; Bruckert Eric investigator.; Cafferata Alberto investigator.; Ceska Richard investigator.; Cicero Arrigo F.G. investigator.; Collet Xavier investigator.; Daccord Magdalena investigator.; Descamps Olivier investigator.; Djuric Dragan investigator.; Durst Ronen investigator.; Ezhov Marat V. investigator.; Fras Zlatko investigator.; Gaita Dan investigator.; Hernandez Adrian V. investigator.; Jones Steven R. investigator.; Jozwiak Jacek investigator.; Kakauridze Nona investigator.; Kallel Amani investigator.; Katsiki Niki investigator.; Khera Amit investigator.; Kostner Karam investigator.; Kubilius Raimondas investigator.; Latkovskis Gustavs investigator.; Mancini G.B. John investigator.; Marais A. David investigator.; Martin Seth S. investigator.; Martinez Julio Acosta investigator.; Mazidi Mohsen investigator.; Mikhailidis Dimitri P. investigator.; Mirrakhimov Erkin investigator.; Miserez Andre R. investigator.; Mitchenko Olena investigator.; Mitkovskaya Natalya P. investigator.; Moriarty Patrick M. investigator.; Nabavi Seyed Mohammad investigator.; Nair Devaki investigator.; Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. investigator.; Paragh György investigator.; Pella Daniel investigator.; Penson Peter E. investigator.; Petrulioniene Zaneta investigator.; Pirro Matteo investigator.; Postadzhiyan Arman investigator.; Puri Raman investigator.; Reda Ashraf investigator.; Reiner Željko investigator.; Radenkovic Dina investigator.; Rakowski Michał investigator.; Riadh Jemaa investigator.; Richter Dimitri investigator.; Rizzo Manfredi investigator.; Ruscica Massimiliano investigator.; Sahebkar Amirhossein investigator.; Sattar Naveed investigator.; Serban Maria‐Corina investigator.; Shehab Abdullah M.A. investigator.; Shek Aleksandr B. investigator.; Sirtori Cesare R. investigator.; Stefanutti Claudia investigator.; Tomasik Tomasz investigator.; Toth Peter P. investigator.; Viigimaa Margus investigator.; Valdivielso Pedro investigator.; Vinereanu Dragos investigator.; Vohnout Branislav investigator.; von Haehling Stephan investigator.; Vrablik Michal investigator.; Wong Nathan D. investigator.; Yeh Hung‐I investigator.; Zhisheng Jiang investigator.; Zirlik Andreas investigator.;
• Is Part Of: Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle. Volume 13:Issue 3(2022)
• Page Start: 1596
• Page End: 1622
• Publication Date: 2022-03-10
• Subjects: Drucebo effect -- Nocebo effect -- SAMS -- Statin intolerance; Cachexia -- Periodicals; Muscles -- Aging -- Periodicals; Muscles -- Periodicals; Cachexia; Sarcopenia; Muscles; Cachexia; Muscles; Muscles -- Aging; Periodicals; Periodicals; 616
• DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12960
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2190-5991

Abstract

Abstract: Statin intolerance is a clinical syndrome whereby adverse effects (AEs) associated with statin therapy [most commonly statin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS)] result in the discontinuation of therapy and consequently increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, complete statin intolerance occurs in only a small minority of treated patients (estimated prevalence of only 3–5%). Many perceived AEs are misattributed (e.g. physical musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory myopathies), and subjective symptoms occur as a result of the fact that patients expect them to do so when taking medicines (the nocebo/drucebo effect)—what might be truth even for over 50% of all patients with muscle weakness/pain. Clear guidance is necessary to enable the optimal management of plasma in real‐world clinical practice in patients who experience subjective AEs. In this Position Paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), we present a step‐by‐step patient‐centred approach to the identification and management of SAMS with a particular focus on strategies to prevent and manage the nocebo/drucebo effect and to improve long‐term compliance with lipid‐lowering therapy.