Longevity of immunity following COVID-19 vaccination: a comprehensive review of the currently approved vaccines. Issue 5 (30th November 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jamshidi, Elham; Asgary, Amirhossein; Shafiekhani, Paria; Khajeamiri, Yasaman; Mohamed, Kawthar; Esmaily, Hadi; Jamal Rahi, Sahand; Mansouri, Nahal
• Is Part Of: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. Volume 18:Issue 5(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-11-30
• Subjects: COVID-19 -- Vaccines -- SARS-CoV-2 -- Immunogenicity -- Humoral immunity -- Cell-mediated immunity -- Antibody persistence -- Long-term protection -- Long-term immunity; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2037384
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2164-5515

Abstract

ABSTRACT: It is unknown how long the immunity following COVID-19 vaccination lasts. The current systematic review provides a perspective on the persistence of various antibodies for available vaccines.Both the BNT162b2 and the mRNA-1273 induce the production of IgA antibodies, reflecting the possible prevention of the asymptomatic spread. The mRNA-1273 vaccineʻs antibodies were detectable until 6 months, followed by the AZD1222, 3 months, the Ad26.COV2.S and the BNT162b2 vaccines within 2 months.The BNT162b2 produced anti-spike IgGs 11 days after the first dose and peaked at day 21, whereas the AZD1222 induced a neutralizing effect 22 days after the first dose.These vaccines induce T-cell mediated immune responses too. Each one of the AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273 mediates T-cell response immunity at days 14-22, 15, and 43 after the first dose, respectively. Whereas for the BNT162b1 and BNT162b2 vaccines, T-cell immunity is induced 7 days and 12 weeks after the booster dose, respectively.