Chemokines and chemokine receptors: Insights from human disease and experimental models of helminthiasis. (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kraemer, Lucas; McKay, Derek M.; Russo, Remo Castro; Fujiwara, Ricardo Toshio
• Is Part Of: Cytokine & growth factor reviews. Volume 66(2022)
• Page Start: 38
• Page End: 52
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: Helminth infection -- Chemokine -- Chemokine receptor -- Innate immune response -- Adaptive immune response; Cytokines -- Periodicals; 571.84
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.05.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1359-6101

Abstract

Abstract: Infection with helminth parasites affects more than 1.5 billion people and is concentrated in global areas of extreme poverty, having a significant impact on public health, social life and the economy. Upon entry into the host, helminth parasites often migrate through specific tissues triggering host immunity. The immune response triggered by helminth infections is complex and depends on parasite load, site of infection, acuteness/chronicity of the infection and is species-dependent. In general, susceptibility or resistance to the infection involves the participation of the innate immune response and then the balance between several effector CD4 + T cells subsets, such as Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Tfh and Treg, coordinated by immune mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. Chemokines guide the recruitment and activation of leukocytes under inflammatory and homeostatic states. The chemokine system has been associated with several diseases and experimental models with a significant inflammatory component, including infection with helminth parasites. Therefore, this critical review will highlight the main findings concerning chemokine responses elicited by the interaction between helminth parasites and the hosts' immune system, hence contributing to the understanding of the relevance of chemokine synthesis and biology in the immunological response to infection by parasitic helminths. Graphical Abstract: ga1 Highlights: Helminth parasitic infection represent a critical global problem, being endemic in the world's poorest regions. Helminth-derived immunity involves innate responses and effector CD4 + T cells subsets (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Tfh, and Treg). The cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune responses occurs via the participation of cytokines and chemokines. Chemokines are essential to guide innate effector immune cells in response to infection and inflammation. Chemokines initiate and orchestrate adaptive immune responses.