Scarless wound healing: Current insights from the perspectives of TGF-β, KGF-1, and KGF-2. (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xiaojie, Wang; Banda, Joshua; Qi, Hui; Chang, Alan K.; Bwalya, Canol; Chao, Lu; Li, Xiaokun
• Is Part Of: Cytokine & growth factor reviews. Volume 66(2022)
• Page Start: 26
• Page End: 37
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: Wound healing -- Inflammation -- Scar -- Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) -- Keratinocyte growth factors-1 (KGF-1) -- Keratinocyte growth factors-2 (KGF-2); Cytokines -- Periodicals; 571.84
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.03.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1359-6101

Abstract

Abstract: The process of wound healing involves a complex and vast interplay of growth factors and cytokines that coordinate the recruitment and interaction of various cell types. A series of events involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling eventually leads to the restoration of the damaged tissue. Abrogation in the regulation of these events has been shown to result in excessive scarring or non-healing wounds. While the process of wound healing is not fully elucidated, it has been documented that the early events of wound healing play a key role in the outcome of the wound. Furthermore, high levels of inflammation have been shown to lead to scarring. The regulation of these events may result in scarless wound healing, especially in adults. The inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the administration of keratinocyte growth factors (KGF), KGF-1 and KGF-2, has in recent years yielded positive results in the acceleration of wound closure and reduced scarring. Here, we encapsulate recent knowledge on the roles of TGF-β, KGF1, and KGF2 in wound healing and scar formation and highlight the areas that need further investigation. We also discuss potential future directions for the use of growth factors in wound management. Graphical Abstract: ga1 The nature and characteristics of the scar are determined by events at the wound site. These events are regulated and driven by effector molecules of the growth factor signaling. Highlights: Wound healing is a complex process involving multiple molecules that regulate and determine its outcome. Growth factors can facilitate wound closure and improve dermal architecture following healing. The JAK/STAT signaling influences scar outcome by exacerbating inflammation and upregulating collagen. Advanced drug delivery systems are critical for effective growth factor treatment and scarless healing.