Twelve-year trend of Escherichia coli antibiotic resistance in the Islamabad population. (June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bangash, Kashif; Mumtaz, Hassan; Mehmood, Mehwish; Hingoro, Majid Ali; Khan, Zoobia Z.; Sohail, Ahmed; Ullah, Sami; Maqbool, Durishahwar; Umm-E-Farwa, ; Jamal, Neelum; Khan, Momina Sami; Ahmad, Shahzaib; Sohail, Anum; Hussain, Hassan ul; Ullah, Irfan
• Is Part Of: Annals of medicine and surgery. Volume 78(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-06
• Subjects: E. coli -- Antimicrobial susceptibility -- Uropathogenic -- UTI -- Trends -- Lifestyle medicine; Surgery -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; General Surgery -- Periodicals; Education, Medical -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 617
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103855
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2049-0801

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: Increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli is a growing concern worldwide. We aimed to assess the changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern in Uropathogenic E. coli over a period of 12 years with special emphasis on ESBL-producing E. coli. Methods: A retrospective study was done on the population of Islamabad from 1st Jan 2005 to Dec 2010 and then continued from 1st Jan 2016 to 31st May 2021. A total of 12000 samples were analyzed for isolation and identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, from patients having uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Our primary was to find the antibiotics with the highest sensitivity against E. Coli in 2021, while our secondary outcome was to find the overall sensitivity pattern of E. Coli to antibiotics from 2005 to 2021. Results: There was a decrease in susceptibility rates of E. coli to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid 47%, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) 27%, Fluoroquinolones 24% & Cephalosporins 38%. There was a significant increase in the use of Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin. High resistance rates to Fluoroquinolones (76%), TMP-SMX (73%), Cephalosporins (62%), and Amoxicillin (53%) were documented. However, significantly high degree of sensitivity rates to Fosfomycin (92%), Aminoglycosides (90%) & Nitrofurantoin (80%) were recorded. Conclusions: Uropathogenic E. coli shows the highest sensitivity to Fosfomycin and Aminoglycosides in the year 2021, followed by Nitrofurantoin and Sulbactam. Cephalosporins, Amoxicillin/Cluvalanic acid, TMP-SMX, and Fluoroquinolones show a declining sensitivity pattern. UTIs can be prevented well by lifestyle changes, taking vitamins, trace elements, and carbohydrates. Highlights: This article is discussing the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in Uro-pathogenic E. coli over a period of 12 years having a special emphasis on ESBL-producing E. coli Uropathogenic Ecoli have the highest sensitivity to Fosfomycin and Aminoglycosides in the year 2021, followed by nitrofurantoin and Sulbactam. Dietary recommendations could be a first step toward prevention of UTI recurrence because eating habits appear to be a key risk factor. UTIs can be prevented well by taking vitamins, trace elements, and/or carbohydrates. These antibacterial agents work well when combined. Antibiotic overuse and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microbes pose a serious danger to the use of probiotics. Further monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is recommended in the upcoming years for effective treatment.