Role of epigenetics in carcinogenesis: Recent advancements in anticancer therapy. (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hussain, Showket; Tulsyan, Sonam; Dar, Sajad Ahmad; Sisodiya, Sandeep; Abiha, Umme; Kumar, Rakesh; Mishra, Bhartendu Nath; Haque, Shafiul
• Is Part Of: Seminars in cancer biology. Volume 83(2022)
• Page Start: 441
• Page End: 451
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: AML Acute myeloid leukemia -- Bet Bromodomain and extra-terminal motif -- BRCA1 Breast cancer type 1 -- BRCA2 Breast cancer type 2 -- CDH1 Cadherin 1 -- CDKN2A Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A -- ChIP Chromatin immunoprecipitation -- CUP Cancer of unknown origin -- DNA Deoxyribonuclease acid -- DNMT DNA methyltransferase -- EPR Enhanced permeability and retention effect -- EZH2 Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 -- HAT Histone acetyltransferase -- HDAC Histone deacetylase -- HDM Histone demethylase -- HMT Histone methyltransferase -- LINE Long interspersed nuclear element -- LOI loss of imprinting -- MDS Myelodysplastic Syndromes -- MGMT Methylguanine methyltransferase -- MHL1 MutL homolog 1 -- miRNA microRNA -- piRNA Piwi-RNA -- PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog -- PTM Post-translational modification -- RB retinoblastoma -- RNA Ribonucleic acid -- SAM S-adenosyl-L-methionine -- SAT2 Satellite 2 -- SINE short interspaced nuclear element -- siRNA Small interfering RNA -- snoRNA Small nucleolar RNA -- tRNA Transfer RNA; Epigenetics -- DNA methylation -- Histone modification -- Non-coding RNAs -- Epigenetic biomarkers -- Precision medicine -- Nanomedicine; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Review Literature; Cancer -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.023
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1044-579X

Abstract

Abstract: The role of epigenetics in the etiology of cancer progression is being emphasized for the past two decades to check the impact of chromatin modifiers and remodelers. Histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, nucleosome positioning, regulation by non-coding RNAs and precisely microRNAs are influential epigenetic marks in the field of progressive cancer sub-types. Furthermore, constant epigenetic changes due to hyper or hypomethylation could efficiently serve as effective biomarkers of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic development. Ongoing research in the field of epigenetics has resulted in the resolutory role of various epigenetic markers and their inhibition using specific inhibitors to arrest their key cellular functions in in-vitro and pre-clinical studies. Although, the mechanism of epigenetics in cancer largely remains unexplored. Nevertheless, various advancements in the field of epigenetics have been made through transcriptome analysis and in-vitro genome targeting technologies to unravel the applicability of epigenetic markers for future cancer therapeutics and management. Therefore, this review emphasizes on recent advances in epigenetic landscapes that could be targeted/explored using novel approaches as personalized treatment modalities for cancer containment.