Biofuel powered engine characteristics improvement through split injection parameter multivariate optimization with titanium based nano-particle additives. (15th August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sathish Kumar, T.; Ashok, B.; Senthil Kumar, M.; Vignesh, R.; Saiteja, Pajarla; Ramachandra Bhat Hire, Karthik; Harshal Tote, Mithlesh; Pandey, Rahul; Jadhav, Aniket; Gupta, Aman; Rastogi, Divyansh; Ayyasamy, Tamilvanan
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 322(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-08-15
• Subjects: Pine oil biofuel -- Split injection -- Interaction effects -- Multivariate effect -- Titanium nanoparticle -- Nano-emulsion; AFR Air-fuel ratio -- Al2O3 Aluminium oxide -- ANN Artificial neural network -- ANOVA Analysis of variance -- ASTM American society for testing and materials -- BSFC Brake specific fuel consumption -- BTE Brake thermal efficiency -- CCD Central composite design -- CI Compression ignition -- CO Carbon monoxide -- CRDi Common rail direct injection engine -- CV Calorific value -- DDFS Direct dual fuel stratification -- DOE Design of experiments -- DT Dwell time -- ECU Electronic control unit -- EL Engine load -- FSN Filter smoke number -- HC Hydrocarbon -- HCCI Homogeneous charge compression ignition -- HRR Heat release rate -- ICP In-cylinder pressure -- ID Ignition delay -- IP Injection pressure -- NHRR Net heat release rate -- NOx Nitrogen oxides emissions -- PCCI Premixed charge compression ignition -- PIT Pilot injection timing -- PM Pilot mass -- POB Pine oil biofuel -- POB20 20 % pine oil + 80 % diesel -- RCCI Reactivity controlled compression ignition -- RSM Response surface methodology -- SFC Specific fuel consumption -- SiO2 Silicon oxide -- TDC Top dead centre -- TiO2 Titanium oxide -- UHC Unburned hydrocarbon; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124178
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Highlights: Combined approach of injection optimization along with nanoparticle as additive for pine oil is presented. Split injection parameter optimization carried through multivariate analysis for pine oil biofuel. To enhance the results fuel reformulation using TiO2 nanoparticle additive employed. Interaction of PM-DT and PT-EL has shown greater influence on performance and emission. Combined approach of split injection optimization and nano additives exhibits engine output close to diesel. Abstract: A combined approach of injection parameter optimization using multivariate analysis along with titanium oxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles as a fuel additive for pine oil is presented in this work. The novelty of the study lies in the strategic technique for the calibration of split injection parameters with the application of multivariate and interaction analysis between operating parameters. To facilitate this, multivariate effect and response surface methodology (RSM) are employed to reduce engine testing time while calibrating the engine under a full pedal position at 20% pine oil biofuel (POB)-diesel blend. Compared to diesel, improved pine oil combustion resulted in 34.3%, 39%, and 58% reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and smoke respectively. These emissions are affected by air–fuel homogeneity controlled by the interaction of engine load (EL), dwell time (DT) and pilot mass (PM). Furthermore, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions are reduced by 21.4% on the fine-tuning PM parameter for POB. From the study, it is found that the lower calorific value of POB causes thermal efficiencies and fuel consumption to deteriorate even after the injection parameter optimization. Hence, to improve the performance output, titanium nanoparticles are used as an additive and blended with POB under two different concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm through the nano-emulsion technique. For optimized injection parameters, the nanoparticles are added with POB-diesel blends exhibits better efficiency and fuel consumption. This is due to the catalytic effect of titanium nanoparticles along with a micro explosion of water molecules in the pine oil with the nanoparticle.