Mortality trends and length of stays among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Ontario and Québec (Canada): a population-based cohort study of the first three epidemic waves. (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Xia, Yiqing; Ma, Huiting; Buckeridge, David L; Brisson, Marc; Sander, Beate; Chan, Adrienne; Verma, Aman; Ganser, Iris; Kronfli, Nadine; Mishra, Sharmistha; Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu
• Is Part Of: International journal of infectious diseases. Volume 121(2022)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 10
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: COVID-19 -- hospitalization -- mortality risk -- length of stay in intensive care units; CI Confidence interval -- ICU Intensive care unit -- LTCH Long-term care home -- PHU Public health unit -- VOC Variant of concern; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable diseases; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.048
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1201-9712

Abstract

Highlights: Variations in in-hospital COVID-19 mortality risk were consistent across provinces The changing patients'demographic profiles only partly explained these variations Nosocomial infections and higher patient load increased mortality risks Length of intensive care unit stay decreased over time, varied across both age groups and provinces With emergence new variants, continued monitoring of patient outcomes is essential Abstract: Background: Epidemics of COVID-19 strained hospital resources. We describe temporal trends in mortality risk and length of stays in hospital and intensive care units (ICUs) among patients with COVID-19 hospitalized through the first three epidemic waves in Canada. Methods: We used population-based provincial hospitalization data from the epicenters of Canada's epidemics (Ontario and Québec). Adjusted estimates were obtained using marginal standardization of logistic regression models, accounting for patient-level and hospital-level determinants. Results: Using all hospitalizations from Ontario (N = 26, 538) and Québec (N = 23, 857), we found that unadjusted in-hospital mortality risks peaked at 31% in the first wave and was lowest at the end of the third wave at 6–7%. This general trend remained after adjustments. The odds of in-hospital mortality in the highest patient load quintile were 1.2-fold (95% CI: 1.0–1.4; Ontario) and 1.6-fold (95% CI: 1.3–1.9; Québec) that of the lowest quintile. Mean hospital and ICU length of stays decreased over time but ICU stays were consistently higher in Ontario than Québec. Conclusions: In-hospital mortality risks and length of ICU stays declined over time despite changing patient demographics. Continuous population-based monitoring of patient outcomes in an evolving epidemic is necessary for health system preparedness and response.