Fabrication of single-mode hybrid crystal-glass waveguides by direct femtosecond laser writing and thermal annealing. (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lipatiev, Alexey; Lotarev, Sergey; Lipateva, Tatiana; Okhrimchuk, Andrey; Fedotov, Sergey; Lotnyk, Andriy; Sigaev, Vladimir
• Is Part Of: Materials research bulletin. Volume 152(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: Femtosecond laser direct writing -- Space-selective glass crystallization -- LaBGeO5 -- Single crystal waveguide -- Transmission electron microscopy; Materials -- Periodicals; Crystal growth -- Periodicals; Matériaux -- Périodiques; Cristaux -- Croissance -- Périodiques; Crystal growth; Materials; Periodicals; 620.11
• DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2022.111840
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0025-5408

Abstract

Highlights: Hybrid crystal-glass optical waveguides were fabricated by ultrafast laser in glass. The positive effect of thermal treatment on the waveguide microstructure is shown. The propagation loss of a 9-mm long single-mode waveguide is 1.45±0.16 dB/cm. Abstract: Ultrafast lasers pave the way for an effective technique for 3D direct space-selective modification of glasses. This work shows that the combination of laser-induced crystallization, isotropic refractive index modification and thermal post-annealing allows the fabrication of single-mode hybrid crystal-glass waveguides. The laser-written waveguides exhibit single-mode behavior and possess the frequency conversion ability due to second harmonic generation by the crystalline waveguide part. The measured level of optical propagation losses of the 9 mm long hybrid optical waveguides is found to be 1.45±0.16 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm, confirming their improved characteristics. The presented results contribute to the future development of all-optical crystal-in-glass waveguide-based devices and technologies. Graphical abstract: Image, graphical abstract