African-American Race Predicts 1-Year Cognitive Decline Among Adults Without Moderate Dementia. (17th December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Babiker, Niser; Gonzalez, Alan; Soto, Jovany; Shi, Chengjian; Rzhetsky, Andrey; Huisingh-Scheetz, Megan
• Is Part Of: Innovation in aging. Volume 5(2021)Supplement 1
• Page Start: 623
• Page End: 623
• Publication Date: 2021-12-17
• Subjects: Aging -- Periodicals; Gerontology -- Periodicals; 612.67
• DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.2378
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2399-5300

Abstract

Abstract: Previous literature shows conflicting conclusions about the association between race and cognitive decline, particularly in early impairment. In this study, we aimed to test whether race predicted 1-year change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score among older adults without moderate-severe dementia. We secondarily explored whether multimorbidity, polypharmacy, depressed mood, antidepressant use, body composition, or frailty changed the association. We analyzed data (n=122) from predominantly African American (AfA, 78.7%) community-dwelling older adults from the south side of Chicago. Participants underwent baseline and 1-year MoCA testing. Age, gender, race, education, monthly income, co-morbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index), medication use (<5 vs ≥5), depression (PHQ-2), proportion lean mass (DEXA), and the frailty phenotype (range 0-5) were collected at baseline. In a multivariate linear model, we regressed 1-year MoCA score on baseline MoCA score, race, and demographics and then evaluated the impact of each covariate added separately to the model on the race-cognition relationship. The mean MoCA score at baseline was 25.2+/-0.2 (range 18-30) and 41.0% of participants experienced ≥1 point MoCA decline at 1 year. After adjusting for demographics, AfAs experienced a greater 1-year MoCA decline (β= -1.3, p=0.04) compared to other races. The effect size was unchanged after adjusting for multimorbidity and polypharmacy (β= -1.3, p=0.04), attenuated slightly after adjusting for frailty (β= -1.2, p=0.06), depressed mood (β= -1.2, p=0.05), lean mass (β= -1.2, p=0.04), and attenuated notably after adjusting for antidepressant use (β= -1.0, p=0.11). Findings support the need to further explore racial differences in cognitive decline and potentially related anti-depressant underuse.