Distribution pattern of common drugs of abuse, ethyl glucuronide, and benzodiazepines in hair across the scalp. Issue 10 (27th August 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Meier, Ulf; Colledge, Flora; Imfeld, Stephan; Briellmann, Thomas; Mercer‐Chalmers‐Bender, Katja; Scheurer, Eva; Dussy, Franz
• Is Part Of: Drug testing and analysis. Volume 11:Issue 10(2019)
• Page Start: 1522
• Page End: 1541
• Publication Date: 2019-08-27
• Subjects: distribution -- drugs of abuse -- hair analysis -- perfusion rates -- sweating rates; Drugs -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Drug testing -- Periodicals; Chemistry, Forensic -- Periodicals; 615.1901
• DOI: 10.1002/dta.2679
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1942-7603

Abstract

Abstract: While hair analysis is important and accepted in forensic applications, fundamental knowledge gaps still exist, exacerbated by a lack of knowledge of the incorporation mechanisms of substances into hair. The influence of the hair sampling location on the head on ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and cocaine concentrations was investigated by measuring the complete scalp hair of 14 (2 EtG, 4 cocaine, 8 both EtG and cocaine) study participants in a grid pattern for EtG, drugs of abuse, and benzodiazepines. Head skin perfusion and sweating rates were investigated to rationalize the concentration differences. For EtG, ratios between maximum and minimum concentrations on the scalp ranged from 2.5 to 7.1 (mean 4.4). For cocaine, the ratios ranged from 2.8 to 105 (mean 17.6). EtG concentrations were often highest at the vertex, but the distribution was strongly participant dependent. Cocaine and its metabolites showed the lowest concentrations at the vertex and the highest on the periphery, especially at the forehead. These differences led to hair from some head parts being clearly above conventional cut‐offs and others clearly below. In addition to EtG and cocaine, the distributions of 24 other drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines/z‐substances and metabolites are described. No clear pattern was observed for the head skin perfusion. Sweating rate measurements revealed higher sweating rates on the periphery of the haircut. Therefore, sweat could be a main incorporation route for cocaine. Concentration differences can lead to different interpretations depending on the sampling site. Therefore, the results are highly relevant for routine forensic hair analysis. Abstract : Hair concentration distribution patterns of ethyl glucuronide, cocaine, and other forensically important substances across the scalp were characterized via a sampling of all head hair as individual locks for 14 people who consumed cocaine and alcohol. Variation of skin perfusion rates and sweating rates across the head were investigated to rationalize the observed differences. Large concentration differences were observed, with cocaine showing higher concentrations on the periphery and ethyl glucuronide higher concentrations at the vertex.