Toxicokinetics and analytical toxicology of the abused opioid U‐48800 — in vitro metabolism, metabolic stability, isozyme mapping, and plasma protein binding. Issue 10 (10th September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gampfer, Tanja M.; Richter, Lilian H.J.; Schäper, Jan; Wagmann, Lea; Meyer, Markus R.
• Is Part Of: Drug testing and analysis. Volume 11:Issue 10(2019)
• Page Start: 1572
• Page End: 1580
• Publication Date: 2019-09-10
• Subjects: LC−HRMS/MS -- metabolic stability -- new synthetic opioids -- pooled human liver S9 fraction; Drugs -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Drug testing -- Periodicals; Chemistry, Forensic -- Periodicals; 615.1901
• DOI: 10.1002/dta.2683
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1942-7603

Abstract

Abstract: Due to the risk of new synthetic opioids (NSOs) for human health, the knowledge of their toxicokinetic characteristics is important for clinical and forensic toxicology. U‐48800 is an NSO structurally non‐related to classical opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and offered for abuse. As toxicokinetic data of U‐48800 is not currently available, the aims of this study were to identify the in vitro metabolites of U‐48800 in pooled human liver S9 fraction (pS9), to map the isozymes involved in the initial metabolic steps, and to determine further toxicokinetic data such as metabolic stability, including the in vitro half‐life ( t 1/2 ), and the intrinsic (CLint ) and hepatic clearance (CLh ). Furthermore, drug detectability studies in rat urine should be done using hyphenated mass spectrometry. In total, 13 phase I metabolites and one phase II metabolite were identified. N ‐Dealkylation, hydroxylation, and their combinations were the predominant metabolic reactions. The isozymes CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 were mainly involved in these initial steps. CYP2C19 poor metabolizers may suffer from an increased U‐48800 toxicity. The in vitro t1/2 and CLint could be rated as moderate, compared to structural related compounds. After administration of an assumed consumer dose to rats, the unchanged parent compound was found only in very low abundance but three metabolites were detected additionally. Due to species differences, metabolites found in rats might be different from those in humans. However, phase I metabolites found in rat urine, the parent compound, and additionally the N ‐demethyl metabolite should be used as main targets in toxicological urine screening approaches. Abstract : In total, 13 phase I and one phase II metabolites were tentatively identified. Main metabolic reactions were N ‐dealkylation and hydroxylation, catalyzed by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. In vitro half‐life and intrinsic clearance could be rated as moderate compared to other new synthetic opioids.