Sprengstofftypische Nitroaromaten (Nitrobenzol; 2‐Nitrotoluol; 3‐Nitrotoluol; 4‐Nitrotoluol; 1, 2‐Dinitrobenzol; 1, 3‐Dinitrobenzol; 2, 4‐Dinitrotoluol; 2, 6‐Dinitrotoluol; 2, 4, 6‐Trinitrotoluol) in Urin [Biomonitoring Methods in German Language, 2015]. Issue 4 (26th October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bader, M.; Heinrich‐Ramm, R.; Knecht, U.; Göen, T.; Hartwig, A.
• Is Part Of: MAK collection for occupational health and safety. Volume 1:Issue 4(2016)
• Page Start: 2896
• Page End: 2916
• Publication Date: 2016-10-26
• Subjects: Biomonitoring -- Nitrobenzol -- 2‐Nitrotoluol -- 3‐Nitrotoluol -- 4‐Nitrotoluol -- 2, 4, 6‐Trinitrotoluol -- 1, 2‐Dinitrobenzol -- 1, 3‐Dinitrobenzol -- 2, 4‐Dinitrotoluol -- 2, 6‐Dinitrotoluol -- Urin -- Gaschromatographie -- massenselektive Detektion -- GC–MS -- Analyse in biologischem Material -- Biomarker -- Metabolite -- Analysemethoden -- TNT -- Sprengstoffe -- Nitroaromaten; Biological monitoring -- Periodicals; Industrial toxicology -- Periodicals; Hazardous substances -- Periodicals; 615.902
• DOI: 10.1002/3527600418.bi9895d0021
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2509-2383

Abstract

Nitroaromatic explosives (Nitrobenzene; 2‐Nitrotoluene; 3‐Nitrotoluene; 4‐Nitrotoluene; 1, 2‐Dinitrobenzene; 1, 3‐Dinitrobenzene; 2, 4‐Dinitrotoluene; 2, 6‐Dinitrotoluene; 2, 4, 6‐Trinitrotoluene) in urine: Explosive substances primarily include nitroaromatic compounds based on benzene and toluene. The presumably best known representative of this substance class is 2, 4, 6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), which has been used as a main component in most military explosives since the beginning of the 20 th century. Explosive blends commonly comprise additional nitroaromatic ingredients allowing for a modification of the explosive force. These are mainly dinitrotoluenes and poly‐nitrated benzenes. The documentation presents a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method for the determination of nine nitroaromatic explosives (nitrobenzene, 2‐nitrotoluene, 3‐nitrotoluene, 4‐nitrotoluene, 1, 2‐dinitrobenzene, 1, 3‐dinitrobenzene, 2, 4‐dinitrotoluene, 2, 6‐dinitrotoluene and 2, 4, 6‐trinitrotoluene) in urine using the Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode. Hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride are added to the urine samples to be analyzed, then the samples are mixed thoroughly and subsequently extracted with iso‐octane. After evaporation of the organic extracts under a stream of nitrogen, analysis is carried out using GC–MS. For calibration, pooled urine is spiked with different concentrations of the nitroaromatic compounds and processed in the same way as the urine samples to be analyzed. 13 C‐labelled nitrobenzene is added to all samples as internal standard.