Applied nucleation facilitates tropical forest recovery: Lessons learned from a 15‐year study. Issue 12 (17th June 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Applied nucleation facilitates tropical forest recovery: Lessons learned from a 15‐year study. Issue 12 (17th June 2020)
- Main Title:
- Applied nucleation facilitates tropical forest recovery: Lessons learned from a 15‐year study
- Authors:
- Holl, Karen D.
Reid, J. Leighton
Cole, Rebecca J.
Oviedo‐Brenes, Federico
Rosales, Juan A.
Zahawi, Rakan A. - Editors:
- Garcia, Cristina
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Applied nucleation, mostly based upon planting tree islands, has been proposed as a cost‐effective strategy to meet ambitious global forest and landscape restoration targets. We review results from a 15‐year study, replicated at 15 sites in southern Costa Rica, that compares applied nucleation to natural regeneration and mixed‐species tree plantations as strategies to restore tropical forest. We have collected data on planted tree survival and growth, woody vegetation recruitment and structure, seed rain, litterfall, epiphytes, birds, bats and leaf litter arthropods. Our results indicate that applied nucleation and plantation restoration strategies are similarly effective in enhancing the recovery of most floral and faunal groups, vegetation structure and ecosystem functions, as compared to natural regeneration. Seed dispersal and woody recruitment are higher in applied nucleation and plantation than natural regeneration treatments; canopy cover has increased substantially in both natural regeneration and applied nucleation treatments; and mortality of planted N‐fixing tree species has increased in recent years. These trends have led to rapid changes in vegetation composition and structure and nutrient cycling. The applied nucleation strategy is cheaper than mixed‐species tree plantations, but there may be social obstacles to implementing this technique in agricultural landscapes, such as perceptions that the land is not being used productively. Applied nucleationAbstract: Applied nucleation, mostly based upon planting tree islands, has been proposed as a cost‐effective strategy to meet ambitious global forest and landscape restoration targets. We review results from a 15‐year study, replicated at 15 sites in southern Costa Rica, that compares applied nucleation to natural regeneration and mixed‐species tree plantations as strategies to restore tropical forest. We have collected data on planted tree survival and growth, woody vegetation recruitment and structure, seed rain, litterfall, epiphytes, birds, bats and leaf litter arthropods. Our results indicate that applied nucleation and plantation restoration strategies are similarly effective in enhancing the recovery of most floral and faunal groups, vegetation structure and ecosystem functions, as compared to natural regeneration. Seed dispersal and woody recruitment are higher in applied nucleation and plantation than natural regeneration treatments; canopy cover has increased substantially in both natural regeneration and applied nucleation treatments; and mortality of planted N‐fixing tree species has increased in recent years. These trends have led to rapid changes in vegetation composition and structure and nutrient cycling. The applied nucleation strategy is cheaper than mixed‐species tree plantations, but there may be social obstacles to implementing this technique in agricultural landscapes, such as perceptions that the land is not being used productively. Applied nucleation is likely to be most effective in cases where: planted vegetation nuclei enhance seed dispersal and seedling establishment of other species; the spread of nuclei is not strongly inhibited by abiotic or biotic factors; and the approach is compatible with restoration goals and landowner preferences. Synthesis and applications . Results from our 15‐year, multi‐site study show that applied nucleation can be a cost‐effective strategy for facilitating tropical forest regeneration that holds promise for helping to meet large‐scale international forest restoration commitments. Abstract : Results from our 15‐year, multi‐site study show that applied nucleation can be a cost‐effective strategy for facilitating tropical forest regeneration that holds promise for helping to meet large‐scale international forest restoration commitments. (Artist credit: Michelle Pastor) Resumen: La nucleación aplicada, basada principalmente en la plantación de islas arbóreas, se ha propuesto como una estrategia económica para cumplir con ambiciosos objetivos mundiales de restauración de bosques y paisajes. Resumimos los resultados de un estudio de 15 años, replicado en 15 sitios en el sur de Costa Rica, que compara la nucleación aplicada con la regeneración natural y las plantaciones de árboles de especies mixtas como estrategias para restaurar el bosque tropical. Hemos recolectado datos sobre la supervivencia y el crecimiento de los árboles plantados, el reclutamiento y la estructura de la vegetación leñosa, la lluvia de semillas, la caída de hojarasca, las epífitas, las aves, los murciélagos y los artrópodos de la hojarasca. Nuestros resultados indican que las estrategias de restauración utilizando la nucleación aplicada y plantaciones son igualmente efectivas para mejorar la recuperación de la mayoría de los grupos florales y faunísticos, la estructura de la vegetación y las funciones del ecosistema, en comparación con la regeneración natural. La dispersión de semillas y el reclutamiento leñoso son mayores en los tratamientos de nucleación aplicada y de plantación que en los tratamientos de regeneración natural; la cobertura del dosel ha aumentado sustancialmente tanto en la regeneración natural como en los tratamientos de nucleación aplicadas; y la mortalidad de las especies arbóreas fijadores de N plantadas ha aumentado en los últimos años. Estas tendencias han llevado a cambios rápidos en la composición y estructura de la vegetación y el ciclo de nutrientes. La estrategia de nucleación aplicada es más barata que las plantaciones de árboles de especies mixtas, pero pueden existir obstáculos sociales para implementar esta técnica en paisajes agrícolas, como la percepción que la tierra no se está utilizando productivamente. Es probable que la nucleación aplicada sea más efectiva en los casos en que: los núcleos de vegetación plantados mejoran la dispersión de semillas y el establecimiento de plántulas de otras especies; la propagación de los núcleos no está fuertemente inhibida por factores abióticos o bióticos; y el enfoque es compatible con los objetivos de restauración y las preferencias de los propietarios. Síntesis y aplicaciones . Resultados de nuestro estudio muestran que la nucleación aplicada puede ser una estrategia económica para facilitar la regeneración forestal que promete ayudar a cumplir los compromisos internacionales de restauración forestal a gran escala. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of applied ecology. Volume 57:Issue 12(2020)
- Journal:
- Journal of applied ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 57:Issue 12(2020)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 57, Issue 12 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 57
- Issue:
- 12
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0057-0012-0000
- Page Start:
- 2316
- Page End:
- 2328
- Publication Date:
- 2020-06-17
- Subjects:
- applied nucleation -- cluster planting -- forest restoration -- natural regeneration -- rehabilitation -- seed dispersal -- succession -- tree islands
Agriculture -- Periodicals
Biology, Economic -- Periodicals
Agricultural ecology -- Periodicals
Applied ecology -- Periodicals
577 - Journal URLs:
- http://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2664/ ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=jpe ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2664.13684 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0021-8901
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4942.500000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 21627.xml