LNCing RNA to immunity. Issue 6 (June 2022) - Peltier, Daniel C.
Abstract : Despite an ever-increasing appreciation of how protein-coding genes shape immune responses, the molecular underpinnings of immune regulation remain incompletely understood. This incomplete picture impedes the development of more precise therapeutics and diagnostics for immune-mediated diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are versatile cell- and context-specific regulators of gene expression and cellular function. The number of lncRNA genes rivals that of protein-coding genes; however, comparatively little is known about their function. Even though the functions of most lncRNA genes are unknown, multiple lncRNAs have recently emerged as important immune regulators. Therefore, further unlocking the role of lncRNAs in the mammalian immune system coupled with their tissue-specific expression might lead to more precise therapeutics and diagnostics for immune disorders in general. Highlights: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are tissue- and context-specific modulators of immune cell development, differentiation, activation, and function. lncRNA molecular mechanisms are diverse and challenging to predict. lncRNAs impact on the outcomes of protective and pathogenic immune responses in a variety of diseases. lncRNA genes outnumber protein-coding genes, but comparatively few lncRNAs have been functionally or mechanistically characterized. Further unlocking the role of lncRNAs in immunity may lead to improved outcomes for diseases that are influenced by protective and pathogenic immune responses.