Influence of aluminium powder aging on Directed Energy deposition. (June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Da Silva, Adrien; Belelli, Filippo; Lupi, Giorgia; Bruzzo, Francesco; Brandau, Benedikt; Maier, Lukas; Pesl, Alexander; Frostevarg, Jan; Casati, Riccardo; Lopez, Elena; Kaplan, Alexander F.H.
• Is Part Of: Materials & design. Volume 218(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-06
• Subjects: Direct Metal Deposition -- Laser Metal Deposition -- Laser Powder Bed Fusion -- Oxidation -- Porosity; Materials -- Periodicals; Engineering design -- Periodicals; Matériaux -- Périodiques; Conception technique -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 620.11
• DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110677
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-1275

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Aging introduces both oxygen and hydrogen in aluminium powder. Oxygen affects the DED track geometry by reducing the surface tension of the melt. Hydrogen induces pores in the deposited material. Usage of aged aluminium powder in DED causes decreased mechanical properties. Abstract: The use of aluminium alloys for Additive Manufacturing is of high interest for advanced geometries and lightweight applications. In Directed Energy Deposition, a powder stock is processed with a laser beam, which offers a high process flexibility. However, aging of the powder feedstock during storage or after recycling remains fundamentally challenging for aluminium alloys because of their sensitivity to oxidation and porosity. In order to investigate these effects, AlSi10Mg powder batches were aged in different conditions and processed by Directed Energy Deposition. The results showed that powder aging does not significantly change the particle size or morphology, but it introduces more oxygen and hydrogen in the powder. The oxidation of the particles reduces the laser beam absorbance of the powder and increases wetting of the melt pool, which affects the track geometry. A 3.5 to 4.2 times higher porosity was observed in the material deposited from aged powder, which are most likely hydrogen pores caused by the increased hydrogen content in the aged powder. The tensile properties of the parts built with aged powder showed 19.0% lower yield strength, 14.2% lower ultimate strength and 99.2% higher elongation, which are most likely the results of the coarser microstructure and increased porosity.