Organelles coordinate milk production and secretion during lactation: Insights into mammary pathologies. (April 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dai, Wenting; White, Robin; Liu, Jianxin; Liu, Hongyun
• Is Part Of: Progress in lipid research. Volume 86(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-04
• Subjects: Organelles -- Lactation -- Milk production -- Milk secretion -- Mastitis -- Breast cancer; ACSL1 and ASCL4 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 or 4 -- ADPH adipophilin, also known as adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP) or perilipin 2 (PLIN2) -- AGPATs 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases -- AFAP1 actin filament-associated protein 1 -- ATF4/ATF6 activating transcription factor 4/6 -- ATG7 autophagy-related gene 7 -- BiP binding immunoglobulin protein -- BTN butyrophilin, coding by BTN1A1 and BTN1A2 -- Ca2+ calcium -- CIDEA cell death inducing DFFA like effector A -- C36 also known as fatty acid translocase -- COPII coat protein complex II -- CHOP the CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein homologous protein -- CLD cytoplasmic lipid droplets -- DGATs diacylglycerol acyltransferases -- eIF2α eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- ERp29 endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 -- ERLIN2 ER lipid raft associated 2 -- FABPs fatty acid binding proteins -- FAS fatty acid synthase -- GLUT glucose transporter -- GPATs glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases -- GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4 -- GSH glutathione -- HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 -- IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase -- IRE1 inositol-requiring enzyme 1 -- JAK2-STAT5 janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 -- LAMP1 lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MECs mammary epithelial cells -- MFGs milk fat globules -- MG mammary gland -- MFG-E8 milk fat globule EGF factor 8, also known as lactadherin -- MFGM milk fat globule membrane -- MLD microlipid droplets -- mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin -- MUC1 mucin 1 -- mtDNA mitochondrial DNA -- NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B -- OXPHOS oxidative phosphorylation -- PERK PKR-like ER kinase -- PGC1-α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α -- PI3K-AKT phosphoinositide 3-kinase- protein kinase B -- PPAR peroxisome proliferator activated receptor -- PPARG peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma -- PLIN3 also known as tail-interacting protein of 47 kD (TIP47) -- PRKN parkin -- rER rough endoplasmic reticulum -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- Sar1 small GTPase component of the COPII -- Sec23 and Sec24 a heterodimeric complex of the COPII that is responsible for the capture of cargo proteins -- SCD1/2 stearyl-CoA desaturase-1/-2 -- PMCA Ca2+-ATPases on the plasma membrane -- SERCA Ca2+-ATPases on the endoplasmic reticulum -- SPCA1 and RS-10 Ca2+-ATPases on the Golgi apparatus -- sMECs secretory mammary epithelial cells -- SREBP1 sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 -- STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 -- TAGs triacylglycerides -- TCA tricarboxylic cycle -- TFAM mitochondrial transcription factor A -- UPR unfolded protein response -- XBP1 X-box binding protein 1; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipides -- Périodiques; Lipiden; 572.57
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101159
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0163-7827

Abstract

Abstract: The mammary gland undergoes a spectacular series of changes during its development and maintains a remarkable capacity to remodel and regenerate during progression through the lactation cycle. This flexibility of the mammary gland requires coordination of multiple processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, stress response, immune activity, and metabolic changes under the control of diverse cellular and hormonal signaling pathways. The lactating mammary epithelium orchestrates synthesis and apical secretion of macromolecules including milk lipids, milk proteins, and lactose as well as other minor nutrients that constitute milk. Knowledge about the subcellular compartmentalization of these metabolic and signaling events, as they relate to milk production and secretion during lactation, is expanding. Here we review how major organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, lysosome, and exosome) within mammary epithelial cells collaborate to initiate, mediate, and maintain lactation, and how study of these organelles provides insight into options to maintain mammary/breast health. Highlights: Endoplasmic reticulum coordinates the synthesis and secretion of milk constituents. Golgi acts as a subcellular site for the formation and secretion of milk constituents. Mitochondria regulate energy homeostasis, stress response and redox regulation. Exosomes influence milk lipid metabolism through interaction with miRNAs. Multiple organelles orchestrate milk lipid droplets formation, trafficking and secretion.