Beyond the gastric epithelium — the paradox of Helicobacter pylori-induced immune responses. (June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Neuper, Theresa; Frauenlob, Tobias; Posselt, Gernot; Horejs-Hoeck, Jutta
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in immunology. Volume 76(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-06
• Subjects: Immunology -- Periodicals; Allergy -- Periodicals; Immunology -- Abstracts -- Periodicals; Allergy -- Abstracts -- Periodicals; 616.079
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102208
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-7915

Abstract

Abstract : Chronic infections are typically characterized by an ineffective immune response to the inducing pathogen. While failing to clear the infectious microbe, the provoked inflammatory processes may cause severe tissue damage culminating in functional impairment of the affected organ. The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a uniquely successful Gram-negative microorganism inhabiting the gastric mucosa in approximately 50% of the world's population. This bacterial species has evolved spectacular means of evading immune surveillance and influencing host immunity, leading to a fragile equilibrium between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, the breakdown of which can have serious consequences for the host, including gastric ulceration and cancer. This review highlights novel insights into this delicate interaction between host and pathogen from an immunological perspective. Highlights: Recent advances identify two H. pylori proteins as novel TLR5 ligands. ADP heptose from H. pylori induces DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells. Dendritic cells balance proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes upon H. pylori infection. H. pylori affects the efficacy of immunotherapies by impairing antitumor immunity.