Late Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction After Extubation. Issue 12 (December 2020) - Dridi, Haikel
Abstract : Objectives: Mechanical ventilation is associated with primary diaphragmatic dysfunction, also termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Studies evaluating diaphragmatic function recovery after extubation are lacking. We evaluated early and late recoveries from ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in a mouse model. Design: Experimental randomized study. Setting: Research laboratory. Subjects: C57/BL6 mice. Interventions: Six groups of C57/BL6 mice. Mice were ventilated for 6 hours and then euthanatized immediately ( n = 18), or 1 ( n = 18) or 10 days after extubation with ( n = 5) and without S107 ( n = 16) treatment. Mice euthanatized immediately after 6 hours of anesthesia ( n = 15) or after 6 hours of anesthesia and 10 days of recovery ( n = 5) served as controls. Measurements and Main Results: For each group, diaphragm force production, posttranslational modification of ryanodine receptor, oxidative stress, proteolysis, and cross-sectional areas were evaluated. After 6 hours of mechanical ventilation, diaphragm force production was decreased by 25–30%, restored to the control levels 1 day after extubation, and secondarily decreased by 20% 10 days after extubation compared with controls. Ryanodine receptor was protein kinase A-hyperphosphorylated, S-nitrosylated, oxidized, and depleted of its stabilizing subunit calstabin-1 6 hours after the onset of the mechanical ventilation, 1 and 10 days after extubation. Post extubation treatment with S107, a Rycal drug that stabilizes the ryanodine complex, did reverse the loss of diaphragmatic force associated with mechanical ventilation. Total protein oxidation was restored to the control levels 1 day after extubation. Markers of proteolysis including calpain 1 and calpain 2 remained activated 10 days after extubation without significant changes in cross-sectional areas. Conclusions: We report that mechanical ventilation is associated with a late diaphragmatic dysfunction related to a structural alteration of the ryanodine complex that is reversed with the S107 treatment. Abstract : Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.