Dehumanization of psychiatric patients: Experimental and clinical implications in severe alcohol-use disorders. (February 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fontesse, Sullivan; Demoulin, Stéphanie; Stinglhamber, Florence; Maurage, Pierre
• Is Part Of: Addictive behaviors. Volume 89(2019)
• Page Start: 216
• Page End: 223
• Publication Date: 2019-02
• Subjects: Addiction -- Social exclusion -- Psychiatry -- Infra-humanization -- Humanity attribution -- Mind perception -- Fundamental needs -- Meta-dehumanization -- Perpetrator; Substance abuse -- Periodicals; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; Drug addiction -- Periodicals; Nicotine addiction -- Periodicals; Smoking -- Periodicals; Gambling -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 362.29
• DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.041
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4603

Abstract

Abstract: Dehumanization, defined as the denial of one's membership to humanity, is a process repeatedly reported in extreme contexts (e.g., genocides) but also in everyday life interactions. Some antecedents of dehumanizing experiences (e.g., social exclusion, negative stereotypes) have been reported among patients presenting psychiatric disorders, but dehumanization's experience remains completely unexplored in addictive disorders. We propose a theoretical model and research agenda to overcome this limitation and to improve our understanding of dehumanization's experience in psychiatry, with a special focus on alcohol-related disorders. We also propose much-needed clinical avenues to reduce dehumanization in clinical contexts, centrally by (1) improving dehumanization awareness among medical workers; (2) reducing the need for healthcare workers to use dehumanization to alleviate professional exhaustion; and (3) optimizing medical training to increase empathy toward patients. Finally, some additional improvements are proposed to promote patient's choices, comfort, dignity, and ultimately humanity in hospitals. Highlights: Dehumanization is a frequent but underexplored process in psychiatry. Available data on this topic are reviewed, focusing on alcohol-related disorders. A research agenda is proposed to improve dehumanization's understanding. Critical experimental and clinical perspectives are identified.