Molybdenum and cadmium co-exposure induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis by Th1 polarization in Shaoxing duck (Anas platyrhyncha) spleens. (July 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Guo, Huiling; Hu, Ruiming; Huang, Gang; Pu, Wenjing; Chu, Xuesheng; Xing, Chenghong; Zhang, Caiying
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 298(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-07
• Subjects: Molybdenum -- Cadmium -- Apoptosis -- Endoplasmic reticulum stress -- Th1/Th2 imbalance -- Spleen; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134275
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Excessive molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) are deleterious to animals, but immunotoxicity co-induced by Mo and Cd remains unclear. To ascertain the confederate impacts of Mo and Cd on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis by Helper T (Th) cells 1 polarization in the spleen of ducks, we randomly allocated forty 8-day-old Shaoxing ducks ( Anas platyrhyncha ) into 4 groups and reared them with having different doses of Mo and/or Cd basic diet. At the 16th week of the experiment, serum and spleen tissues were extracted. Data confirmed that Mo and/or Cd strikingly promoted their levels in spleen, caused histological abnormality and trace elements imbalance, and disrupted Th1/Th2 balance to divert toward Th1, then triggered ER stress by increasing three branches PERK/eIF2α/CHOP, IRE1/Caspase-12 and TRAF2/JNK signaling pathways-related genes mRNA and proteins levels, which stimulated apoptosis by elevating Bak-1, Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 mRNA expression, and cleaved-Caspase-9/Caspase-9, cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3 proteins expression as well as apoptosis rate, and decreasing Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 mRNA expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Besides, the variation in combined group was most evident. Briefly, the study indicates that Mo and/or Cd exposure trigger ER stress-induced apoptosis via Th1 polarization in duck spleens, and its mechanism is somehow closely linked with the deposition of Cd and Mo, which may aggravate toxic damage to spleen. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The joint toxicity of Mo and Cd was assessed in duck spleens. Mo and/or Cd caused trace elements imbalance and damage to spleen. Mo and/or Cd disrupted Th1/Th2 balance to divert toward Th1. Mo and/or Cd may trigger ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Mo and Cd may aggravate toxic damage to spleen.