Sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. (April 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jahrami, Haitham A.; Alhaj, Omar A.; Humood, Ali M.; Alenezi, Ahmad F.; Fekih-Romdhane, Feten; AlRasheed, Maha M.; Saif, Zahra Q.; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.; BaHammam, Ahmed S.; Vitiello, Michael V.
• Is Part Of: Sleep medicine reviews. Volume 62(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-04
• Subjects: Sleep disorder -- Sleep disturbance -- Pandemic -- Insomnia -- Sleep hygiene -- Circadian rhythm; AIS Athens insomnia scale -- Decimal data extraction for complicated meta-analysis -- DOI digital object identification -- GOSH Graphic display of study heterogeneity -- IPD individual patient data -- ISI Insomnia severity index -- MeSH Medical Subjects Headings -- NOS Newcastle–Ottawa Scale -- Prisma Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -- PSQI Pittsburgh sleep quality index; Sleep disorders -- Periodicals; Sleep Disorders -- Periodicals; Sommeil, Troubles du -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.8498
• DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101591
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1087-0792

Abstract

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the extent of sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eleven databases and six preprint repositories were searched for the period from November 1, 2019, to July 15, 2021. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to develop random-effect meta-analyses. Two hundred and fifty studies comprising 493, 475 participants from 49 countries were included. During COVID-19, the estimated global prevalence of sleep disturbances was 40.49% [37.56; 43.48%]. Bayesian meta-analysis revealed an odds of 0.68 [0.59; 0.77] which translates to a rate of approximately 41%. This provides reassurance that the estimated rate using classical meta-analysis is robust. Six major populations were identified; the estimated prevalence of sleep problem was 52.39% [41.69; 62.88%] among patients infected with COVID-19, 45.96% [36.90; 55.30%] among children and adolescents, 42.47% [37.95; 47.12%] among healthcare workers, 41.50% [32.98; 50.56%] among special populations with healthcare needs, 41.16% [28.76; 54.79%] among university students, and 36.73% [32.32; 41.38%] among the general population. Sleep disturbances were higher during lockdown compared to no lockdown, 42.49% versus 37.97%. Four in every ten individuals reported a sleep problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients infected with the disease, children, and adolescents appeared to be the most affected groups.