The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Issue 11 (2nd November 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Awotiwon, Ajibola; Ndwandwe, Duduzile; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Wiysonge, Charles S.
• Is Part Of: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. Volume 15:Issue 11(2019)
• Page Start: 2590
• Page End: 2605
• Publication Date: 2019-11-02
• Subjects: HIV -- vaccine-preventable diseases -- sub-Saharan Africa -- burden; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1599676
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2164-5515

Abstract

ABSTRACT: There are knowledge gaps regarding evidence-based research on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-exposed children aged <18 years in sub-Saharan Africa. It is therefore essential to determine the trend and burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. We completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the incidence, prevalence and case-fatality rates (CFR) attributed to various vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in sub-Saharan Africa. The trends in the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children were also determined. Nine studies on tuberculosis (TB) were pooled to give an overall incidence rate estimate of 60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 30–70) per 1, 000 child-years. The incidence of pneumococcal infections varied between 109–1509 per 100, 000 while pertussis was between 2.9 and 3.7 per 1000 child-year. Twenty-two TB prevalence studies reported an estimated prevalence of 16%. Fifteen prevalence studies on hepatitis B infection were pooled together with an estimated prevalence of 5%. The pooled prevalence for pneumococcal infections was 2% while rotavirus diarrhoea reported a prevalence of 13%. Twenty-nine studies on TB were pooled to give an overall CFR estimate of 17% while pneumococcal infections in HIV-infected and exposed children were pooled together with a resultant rate of 15%. Some of the vaccine-preventable diseases still have high incidences, prevalence and CFR among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children. There is also a dearth of research data on the burden of several vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and exposed children and a need for more studies in this area.