A novel method based on fuzzy logic to evaluate the storage and backup systems in determining the optimal size of a hybrid renewable energy system. (May 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mahmoudi, Sayyed Mostafa; Maleki, Akbar; Rezaei Ochbelagh, Dariush
• Is Part Of: Journal of energy storage. Volume 49(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-05
• Subjects: Hybrid energy system -- Storage and backup systems -- Optimal design -- Gravitational search algorithm -- Fuzzy logic controller; Energy storage -- Periodicals; Energy storage -- Research -- Periodicals; 621.3126
• DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-152X

Abstract

Highlights: The fuzzy logic controller is integrated with the gravitational search algorithm. For sizing of the hybrid system, membership functions and fuzzy rules are designed. The storage and backup systems are evaluated in the sizing of the hybrid system. PV/Wind /DG system was proposed as the optimal system. The fuel costs and battery costs have a great influence on the total annual cost. Abstract: Renewable energy sources are one of the most popular sources of energy for supplying load demand in remote areas. For this purpose, a hybrid renewable energy system can be used which includes Photovoltaic panels (PVs) and Wind turbines (WTs). To meet load demand, due to the dependence of these energy sources on environmental conditions, energy storage systems such as batteries or backup systems such as diesel generators (DG) should be used. Therefore, the idea of this work is to investigate the effect of the energy storage and backup systems in a hybrid energy system (HES) with respect to environmental conditions and load demand for a remote area. Thus, with the goal of reducing costs and checking reliability based on the loss of power supply probability (LPSP), economic and sensitivity analysis is done for six cases of PV/Battery, Wind/Battery, PV/Wind/Battery, PV/DG, Wind/DG, and PV/Wind/DG. Hence, to design the optimal size of the hybrid energy system, a new technique based on the fuzzy logic controller in combination with a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) has been used. Based on this, appropriate membership functions and fuzzy rules were designed to improve the efficiency of the GSA algorithm. Also, to evaluate and validate the proposed method, the Drop-Wave function was tested and compared with other valid methods. The results show that by removing the storage system and using a diesel generator, in addition to reducing economic costs, the reliability of the system is also provided. Therefore, PV/Wind/DG system was introduced as the most cost-effective system. In this case, for LPSP equal to 0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%, the amount of total annual cost is equal to $88, 853, $80, 838, $78, 038, $72, 616, and $66, 265, respectively. Also, the results showed that fuel costs and battery costs have the greatest impact on the total annual cost. In addition, pollution emission calculations including CO2, NOX, and SO2 were examined. Finally, the use of a fuzzy logic controller in the GSA algorithm increases the convergence rate, and this method can be used in other fields of engineering.