Novel chloroquine derivative suppresses melanoma cell growth by DNA damage through increasing ROS levels. Issue 9 (25th March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Jiaoduan; Long, Jing; Zhang, Jianglin; Liu, Nian; Yan, Bei; Tang, Ling; Chen, Xiang; Peng, Cong
• Is Part Of: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. Volume 26:Issue 9(2022)
• Page Start: 2579
• Page End: 2593
• Publication Date: 2022-03-25
• Subjects: chloroquine derivative -- DNA damage -- G2/M arrest and apoptosis -- melanoma -- ROS; Cytology; Medicine; Molecular Biology; Cytologie -- Périodiques; Médecine -- Périodiques; Biologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Cytology -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; 611.01805
• DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17260
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1582-1838

Abstract

Abstract: Melanoma is a fatal cancer with a significant feature of resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy. A mutation in the kinase BRAF is observed in more than 66% of metastatic melanoma cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new BRAF‐mutant melanoma inhibitors. High‐dose chloroquine has been reported to have antitumour effects, but it often induces dose‐limiting toxicity. In this study, a series of chloroquine derivatives were synthesized, and lj‐2‐66 had the best activity and was selected for further investigation. Furthermore, the anti‐BRAF‐mutant melanoma effect and mechanism of this compound were explored. CCK‐8 and colony formation assays indicated that lj‐2‐66 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BRAF‐mutant melanoma cells. Flow cytometry revealed that lj‐2‐66 induced G2/M arrest in melanoma cells and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, lj‐2‐66 increased the level of ROS in melanoma cells and induced DNA damage. Interestingly, lj‐2‐66 also played a similar role in BRAF inhibitor‐resistant melanoma cells. In summary, we found a novel chloroquine derivative, lj‐2‐66, that increased the level of ROS in melanoma cells and induced DNA damage, thus leading to G2/M arrest and apoptosis. These findings indicated that lj‐2‐66 may become a potential therapeutic drug for melanoma harbouring BRAF mutations.