A mid-infrared exhaled carbon dioxide isotope detection system based on 4.35 μm quantum cascade laser. (August 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Guolin; Zhang, Xuena; Zhang, Zecheng; Wu, Yunhui; Ma, Kun; Jiao, Yue; Li, Jiarui; Liu, Yajing; Song, Yimeng; Zhao, Hao; Zhai, Shenqiang; Li, Qiang
• Is Part Of: Optics & laser technology. Volume 152(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-08
• Subjects: Carbon dioxide isotope exhaled gas -- QCL -- TDLAS -- GA-ELM -- Two-stage PID temperature control; HP Helicobacter pylori -- TDLAS Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy -- QCL Quantum cascade laser -- MPGC Multi-pass gas cell -- LOD Limits of detection -- PID Proportional-integral-derivative -- GA-ELM Genetic algorithm extreme learning machine -- PAS Photoacoustic spectroscopy -- CRDS Cavity ring-down spectroscopy -- HIRTAN2016 High-resolution transmission molecular absorption database 2016 -- DDS Direct digital synthesizer -- TEC Thermo electric cooler -- ADC Analog-to-digital converter -- SPI Serial peripheral interface -- FM Flip mirror -- ELM Extreme learning machine -- GA Genetic algorithm -- VP Vacuum pump -- LCD Liquid crystal display -- DOB Delta over baseline -- M Mirror -- D Diaphragm -- C Channel -- DT Drying tube -- S Storage tube; Optics -- Periodicals; Lasers -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 621.366
• DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108117
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0030-3992

Abstract

Highlights: A quantum cascade laser (QCL) with a central wavelength of 4.35 μm and an optical path of 3 m White cell were used. Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), a carbon isotope detector for exhaled gas was developed. The results show that the resolution of 12CO2 detection is 100 ppm, and that of 13CO2 detection up to 2.5 ppm, the theoretical limits of detection（LOD）reach up 0.0134 ppm and 0.0149 ppm, respectively. The system adopts two-stage temperature control to optimize the effect of drift of the spectrum due to the change of temperature and make the detection system more stable. Therefore, this carbon isotope detector is of high medical value in the detection of medical Helicobacter pylori. Abstract: The carbon dioxide isotope in human exhaled gas can be used as an indicator to determine Helicobacter pylori (HP), the detection of carbon dioxide isotope in human exhaled gas is of great significance for the treatment of human diseases. Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), a carbon dioxide isotope detection system for exhaled gas was developed to detect the carbon dioxide isotope in human exhaled gas, a 4.35 μm quantum cascade laser (QCL) and a 3 m optical path multi-pass gas cell (MPGC) were adopted in the detection system. The exhaled gas pretreatment system was designed to pass through human exhaled gas into the MPGC. The performance of the system was researched using a gas distribution station fitted with standard 12 CO2 and 13 CO2 concentrations. The results show that the limits of detection（LOD）of 12 CO2 and 13 CO2 reach up ∼ 0.0134 ppm and ∼ 0.0149 ppm, respectively. The detection precision of the system is ∼ 0.00214 ‰ with a 48 s averaging time. QCL-based mid-infrared detection system has higher sensitivity and lower detection limit compared with near-infrared detection system. The volume of MPGC is 250 ml, which is much less than the volume of normal human exhaled gas, therefore the majority of human exhaled gas can be filled with MPGC. Two-stage proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature control is adopted to eliminate the effect of drift of the spectrum due to the change of temperature, so that the stability of the system is improved. A high precision and high-speed Genetic Algorithm Extreme Learning Machine (GA-ELM) algorithm is applied for improving the concentration inversion precision of the system. Finally, the performance of detection system was validated at Sichuan Cancer Hospital for detecting carbon dioxide isotope in exhaled gas, and the verification results illustrate that the detection system has a very important application prospect in the field of exhaled gas detection.