Reduced Magnitude and Durability of Humoral Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Among Older Adults. (9th December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brockman, Mark A; Mwimanzi, Francis; Lapointe, Hope R; Sang, Yurou; Agafitei, Olga; Cheung, Peter K; Ennis, Siobhan; Ng, Kurtis; Basra, Simran; Lim, Li Yi; Yaseen, Fatima; Young, Landon; Umviligihozo, Gisele; Omondi, F Harrison; Kalikawe, Rebecca; Burns, Laura; Brumme, Chanson J; Leung, Victor; Montaner, Julio S G; Holmes, Daniel; DeMarco, Mari L; Simons, Janet; Pantophlet, Ralph; Niikura, Masahiro; Romney, Marc G; Brumme, Zabrina L
• Is Part Of: Journal of infectious diseases. Volume 225:Number 7(2022)
• Page Start: 1129
• Page End: 1140
• Publication Date: 2021-12-09
• Subjects: COVID-19 -- mRNA vaccine -- humoral responses -- older adults -- antibodies -- viral neutralization; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Diseases -- Causes and theories of causation -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab592
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-1899

Abstract

Abstract: Background: The magnitude and durability of immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines remain incompletely characterized in the elderly. Methods: Anti-spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) competition, and virus neutralizing activities were assessed in plasma from 151 health care workers and older adults (range, 24–98 years of age) 1 month following the first vaccine dose, and 1 and 3 months following the second dose. Results: Older adults exhibited significantly weaker responses than younger health care workers for all humoral measures evaluated and at all time points tested, except for ACE2 competition activity after 1 vaccine dose. Moreover, older age remained independently associated with weaker responses even after correction for sociodemographic factors, chronic health condition burden, and vaccine-related variables. By 3 months after the second dose, all humoral responses had declined significantly in all participants, and remained significantly lower among older adults, who also displayed reduced binding antibodies and ACE2 competition activity towards the Delta variant. Conclusions: Humoral responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are significantly weaker in older adults, and antibody-mediated activities in plasma decline universally over time. Older adults may thus remain at elevated risk of infection despite vaccination. Abstract : COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce weaker antibody responses in older adults. Age was a significant predictor of spike binding antibody concentration and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity after correcting for participant demographics, including chronic health conditions.