Differentiating Sex and Gender Among Older Men and Women. Issue 3 (11th April 2022)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Differentiating Sex and Gender Among Older Men and Women. Issue 3 (11th April 2022)
- Main Title:
- Differentiating Sex and Gender Among Older Men and Women
- Authors:
- Pohrt, Anne
Kendel, Friederike
Demuth, Ilja
Drewelies, Johanna
Nauman, Tauseef
Behlouli, Hassan
Stadler, Gertraud
Pilote, Louise
Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera
Gerstorf, Denis - Abstract:
- ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to paradigmatically show the development of a gender score that can be used as either an adjustment or a matching variable to separate the effects of gender versus biological sex in a sample of older adults. Methods: Our sample comprised 1100 participants from the Berlin Aging Study II (52% women, mean [standard deviation] age = 75.6 [3.8] years). The gender score included a multitude of gender-related variables and was constructed via logistic regression. In models of health outcomes, it was used as an adjustment variable in regression analyses as well as a matching variable to match older men and women according to their gender. Results: Matching by gender substantially reduced sample size to n = 340. Analyses (either adjusting for gender or matching men and women according to gender) revealed that female sex was independently associated with lower grip strength ( B = −14.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −15.51 to −13.44), better cognitive performance ( B = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.94 to 5.0), higher pulse wave velocity ( B = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.31), lower body mass index ( B = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.74 to −0.21), and lower rates of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.77). In addition, both sex and gender were independently associated with cognitive performance and depression. Conclusions: Calculating a gender score allows for the inclusion of a large number of variables, creating parsimonious models that are adaptableABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to paradigmatically show the development of a gender score that can be used as either an adjustment or a matching variable to separate the effects of gender versus biological sex in a sample of older adults. Methods: Our sample comprised 1100 participants from the Berlin Aging Study II (52% women, mean [standard deviation] age = 75.6 [3.8] years). The gender score included a multitude of gender-related variables and was constructed via logistic regression. In models of health outcomes, it was used as an adjustment variable in regression analyses as well as a matching variable to match older men and women according to their gender. Results: Matching by gender substantially reduced sample size to n = 340. Analyses (either adjusting for gender or matching men and women according to gender) revealed that female sex was independently associated with lower grip strength ( B = −14.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −15.51 to −13.44), better cognitive performance ( B = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.94 to 5.0), higher pulse wave velocity ( B = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.31), lower body mass index ( B = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.74 to −0.21), and lower rates of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.77). In addition, both sex and gender were independently associated with cognitive performance and depression. Conclusions: Calculating a gender score allows for the inclusion of a large number of variables, creating parsimonious models that are adaptable to different data sets and alternative gender definitions. Depending on the research question and the sample properties, the gender score can be used as either an adjustment or a matching variable. Trial Registration : DRKS—Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (Study ID: DRKS00016157). … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Psychosomatic medicine. Volume 84:Issue 3(2022)
- Journal:
- Psychosomatic medicine
- Issue:
- Volume 84:Issue 3(2022)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 84, Issue 3 (2022)
- Year:
- 2022
- Volume:
- 84
- Issue:
- 3
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2022-0084-0003-0000
- Page Start:
- 339
- Page End:
- 346
- Publication Date:
- 2022-04-11
- Subjects:
- gender differences -- sex differences -- gender score -- older population -- BSRI = Bem Sex-Role Inventory -- LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction -- PAQ = Personal Attributes Questionnaire
Medicine, Psychosomatic -- Periodicals
616.0805 - Journal URLs:
- http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=N&PAGE=toc&SEARCH=00006842-000000000-00000.kc&LINKTYPE=asBody&LINKPOS=32&D=ovft ↗
http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org ↗
http://journals.lww.com ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001056 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0033-3174
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 6946.555000
British Library DSC - BLDSS-3PM
British Library STI - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 21321.xml