The application of the physiologically equivalent temperature to determine impacts of locally defined extreme heat events within vulnerable dwellings during the 2020 summer in Ankara. (June 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nouri, A. Santos; Charalampopoulos, I.; Matzarakis, A.
• Is Part Of: Sustainable cities and society. Volume 81(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-06
• Subjects: Indoor & outdoor heat stress -- PET -- Thermal comfort -- Extreme heat events -- Ankara; 'BSk' cold semi-arid climate (-) -- 'Csa' warm temperate with dry hot summer (-) -- 'Dsa' snow/cold climate with dry/hot summer (-) -- 'Dsb' snow/cold climate with dry/warm summer (-) -- AcPETL¯ afternoon period cPETL (°C) -- BC background conditions (PET = 23 °C) (-) -- cPETL¯ cumulative physiologically equivalent temperature load (°C) -- HWE31 heat wave event (#) (#) -- McPETL¯ morning period cPETL (°C) -- MRTI indoor mean radiant temperature (°C) -- MRTO outdoor mean radiant temperature (°C) -- MTR20 monthly tropical night (#) (#) -- N1cPETL¯ early night period cPETL (°C) -- N2cPETL¯ late night period cPETL (°C) -- oct cloud cover (1/8) -- PET physiologically equivalent temperature (°C) -- PETI indoor physiologically equivalent temperature (°C) -- PETL physiologically equivalent temperature load (°C) -- PETO outdoor physiologically equivalent temperature (°C) -- RHI indoor relative humidity (%) -- RHO outdoor relative humidity (%) -- SU25 annual summer day (#) -- Ta air temperature (°C) -- TaI indoor air temperature (°C) -- TaO outdoor air temperature (°C) -- TgI indoor globe temperature (°C) -- Tl upper mean TaI limit (°C) -- TN10p cool nights (%) -- TN90p warm nights (%) -- TNM mean TaMin (°C) -- TNX Max TaMin (°C) -- TR20 annual tropical nights (#) -- TX10p cool days (%) -- TX90p warm days (%) -- TXM mean TaMax (°C) -- TXX max TaMax (°C) -- V1.1I indoor air speed at 1.1m (m/s) -- V1.1O outdoor wind speed at 1.1m (m/s) -- VHD33 very hot day (#) -- VI indoor air speed (m/s) -- VO outdoor wind speed (m/s) -- VPI indoor vapour pressure (hPa) -- VPO outdoor vapour pressure (hPa) -- WSDI warm spell duration index (#); Sustainable urban development -- Periodicals; Sustainable buildings -- Periodicals; Urban ecology (Sociology) -- Periodicals; 307.76
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2022.103833
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2210-6707

Abstract

Highlights: PET proved more effective to quantify indoor/outdoor heat stress relationship. New extreme heat event thresholds proved critical to identify thermal stress exposure. Forced convective cooling alone improved indoor thermal stress levels. Cause-and-effect patterns between indoor/outdoor heat stress identified via PET. Abstract: This study addresses the limited work related to Heat Stress (HS) vulnerability within indoor/outdoor contexts and its relationship with local Extreme Heat Events (EHEs). Centred upon Ankara, the study focuses on building upon its weaker approach to human thermophysiological vulnerabilities in an era of climate change, and unregulated urban densification. Through newly defined local EHEs, the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) (and its cumulative derivatives), were utilised to develop the limited approaches that utilise Energy Based Models in the scope of EHE risk management. The study was undertaken by processing hourly data from 2008 to 2020 from Ankara's Meteorological Station, and Esenboga Meteorological Station. At a finer 10 min resolution, an interior Kestrel Heat-stress Station was used to assess summer thermal conditions in 2020 within a thermally vulnerable, yet still very frequent, residential Turkish construction typology. Among other outcomes, the results indicated the permanency of indoor PET that remained above 27 °C during non EHE periods. In the case of a Very Hot Day (VHD33 ), PET remained between 29 and 32.9 °C for almost 24 h. The thermal index also indicated how forced convective cooling led to indoor reductions of PET by 3–4 K, and in duration of such HS levels to less than 2 h. Graphical abstract: Image, graphical abstract