Possible Causes of Anomalous Glacier Mass Balance in the Western Kunlun Mountains. Issue 7 (7th April 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhu, Meilin; Yao, Tandong; Yang, Wei; Wu, Guanjian; Li, Shenghai; Zhao, Huabiao; Thompson, Lonnie G.
• Is Part Of: Journal of geophysical research. Volume 127:Issue 7(2022)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2022-04-07
• Subjects: Atmospheric physics -- Periodicals; Geophysics -- Periodicals; 551.5
• DOI: 10.1029/2021JD035705
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2169-897X

Abstract

Abstract: Under current global warming, most glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau have shown significant mass loss during 2000–2019. However, the average glacier mass balance in the western Kunlun Mountains (WKM) was positive during this period. The causes of these opposing average status and the temporal glacier mass changes over the last several decades in the WKM continue to be the subject of active debate. The long‐term mass balance of the Guliya Ice Cap (Guliya) in the WKM during 1970–2019 was reconstructed using an energy and mass balance model and calibrated ERA5 data, which was calibrated and validated by in situ measurements and geodetic mass balances. Guliya showed a positive mean mass balance during 2000–2019 because annual snowfall was larger than low ablation‐season meltwater caused by low air temperature ( T a ). At interannual scales, annual mass balances were equally controlled by ablation‐season precipitation and T a during 1970–2019. From 1970s–1990s to 1990s–2010s, most Tibetan glaciers showed decreased mass balance due to increased ablation season T a, while the WKM glaciers experienced increased mass balance due to increased ablation‐season precipitation related to changes in the Silk Road Pattern. However, during 2000–2019, the annual mass balance of Guliya followed a decreasing trend due to increasing ablation‐season T a . The positive mass balance of the WKM glaciers will cease under future warming due to annual snowfall decreasing below ablation‐season meltwater. These changes will threaten lives and livelihoods in the Tarim Basin, whilst also jeopardizing ice core‐derived climate histories from the WKM glaciers. Key Points: Low ablation‐season temperature caused low melt and a high proportion of snowfall, and led to glacier anomaly during 2000–2019 in the western Kunlun Mountains (WKM) Guliya experienced increased mass balance from 1970–1999 to 2000–2019 due to increased ablation‐season precipitation related to changed Silk Road Pattern Warming caused the decreased mass balance of Guliya during 2000–2019 and will lead to future glacier mass loss in the WKM